How to design LED flash drive circuit of camera phone

LED has become the standard solution for movie lighting and camera flash in mobile phones. For higher quality and higher resolution requirements, brighter flash LED solutions are required. The challenge is how to squeeze the best luminous flux from the battery by achieving the highest efficiency solution. In this way, the operation of absorbing large current from the battery requires many power-saving operating characteristics and a robust system design. This article will introduce a system-level flash LED driver design and some features that can ensure the safe operation and integration of the system.

Efficient camera flash LED driver

High-resolution cameras require a high-brightness flash to complete photography in the lowest light environment. The customer requested a flash solution as a standard feature of the mobile phone. Mobile phones with flash installed have become an attractive selling point. This feature requires high luminous flux, which challenges the design of efficient LED driver systems.

system design

The high forward voltage and current of the flash LED in the mobile phone and the given battery voltage make the boost converter the best solution. When driving large currents, inductance-based boost converters exhibit satisfactory efficiency. LEDs must be driven by current, because the forward voltage not only changes with temperature, but also has its own differences. This change in forward voltage stems from its production process, and its variation range is ± 20%, see Figure 1.

Figure 1 Flash LED VF / IF diagram

It is a simple method to connect the flash LED in series with a current sense resistor and then drive it through a boost converter. Figure 1 describes this method.

Figure 2 Simple LED driving method using external current sense resistor

The output voltage of the boost regulator is controlled to match the set LED current detected by an external resistor. Unfortunately, doing so will deviate from the goal of squeezing the highest luminous flux out of the limited power provided by the battery. The external current sense resistor has high power consumption and its size is controlled. The purpose is to provide a usable margin voltage in a low current state, thereby providing a drive for continuous movie lighting. On the other hand, if the current increases, the voltage drop of the current detection resistor will increase, bringing a lot of power consumption. In addition, high-precision resistors with ideal power dissipation ratings are more expensive and increase the size of the solution, requiring one resistor per LED channel.

Therefore, a better solution is an active current sink or current source integrated in the LED driver, as shown in Figure 3. We can use a method to reduce the voltage drop and the resulting power consumption to adjust the internal current sense resistor, the specific adjustment depends on the size of the LED current. If the LED current is low, the voltage drop can be kept high enough to obtain an accurate detection signal.

Figure 3 Improved LED driving scheme using adaptive current sink and detection

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