Used in all kinds of indoor and outdoor neon projects and similar devices is the ultimate expression of neon lights, usually reflected in billboards indoors and outdoors. After using it for a period of time, the external manifestation of its quality problem is that the content of the advertising screen is incomplete, "lack of arms and legs." There are many reasons for affecting the quality of neon projects, but there are several sources.
1. The factors affecting the quality of neon billboards mainly include several aspects:
a. Quality of neon tubes
b. The quality of neon (inductive, electronic) transformers
c. Installation quality of neon installations
Among the above three aspects of quality problems, the most prominent is the neon billboard "installation problem.
2. The influence of neon tube quality on the quality of neon billboards
The neon tube is a cold cathode glow discharge lamp, which has a long service life, uniform surface illumination, and an ideal planar visual effect. The physical quantity of the neon light color is a rich picture of the sensation of the human body through the subjective feelings of the human body, and the psychological feelings. The national mandatory standard GB 19261-2003 "General requirements and safety requirements for neon tubes" stipulate the performance indicators and safety requirements of neon tubes. The performance requirements of neon lamps are mainly reflected in photoelectric characteristics, such as: brightness, luminous flux maintenance rate, start-up Parameters such as voltage and operating voltage are only nominally φ12mm for the diameter of the lamp. The photoelectric parameters of the neon tube (φ8mm to φ14mm) are clearly defined. In practical applications, specific optoelectronics. The parameters are also related to the use environment of the billboard, the content of the advertisement screen, the color and the contrast between the light and the dark, and the visual physiology and psychological feeling of the observer. Therefore, the limits of the luminosity index of brightness, luminous flux, and illuminance can be adjusted according to the use environment. Unfortunately, in the current relevant standards, the luminescent color characteristics of neon tubes (such as color saturation, purity and other indicators of colorimetry) are not clearly defined.
In recent years, cold cathode fluorescent lamps have been widely used in architectural lighting and landscape lighting. Due to the increased demand, many manufacturers have paid more attention to the manufacturing process of lamp tubes, and the quality of products has also been greatly improved.
The production technology of neon lights is constantly evolving. Domestically, there are not only standard-sized pipe diameters, but also thick pipe diameters and thinner pipe diameters that are not covered by the standard, enriching the variety of neon lights. In the actual production, by changing the filling gas of the lamp tube, improving the starting characteristics of the lamp tube and reducing the working voltage of the lamp tube, the low-temperature start of the neon tube is facilitated, the load capacity of the neon transformer is improved, and the use cost is reduced. However, the current neon tube standard has not yet tracked and covered such products in time. Temporarily lagging behind the development of product technology updates and applications.
Whether the long-life advantages of neon tubes can be fully utilized and played depends on the manufacture of the tubes. At present, the main quality problem of the lamp is the low luminous flux maintenance rate, but this is not an important factor affecting the quality of neon billboards.
3. The impact of neon (inductive, electronic) transformer quality on the quality of neon billboards
3.1 Neon Inductance Transformer: National Mandatory Standard GB 19149-2003 (idt IEc 61050:1991) "General requirements and safety requirements for transformers for tubular discharge lamps with no-load output voltage exceeding 1 000 V (neon) The general requirements and safety requirements of neon inductive transformers are equivalent to the IEC standard of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The standard specifies the ideal range of the rated open circuit voltage of the transformer (1 6 0 0/2 5 0 0/4 0 0/6 3 0 0/1 0000V), which also specifies the ideal value range of the rated operating current of the transformer (1 0/25/4 0/6 3/l OOmA, etc.).
Because of the working characteristics of the neon inductive transformer, in the normal design and processing of the transformer, the short-circuit current is small, close to the normal working current of the lamp. The temperature rise of the winding of the transformer is very low, even if it is in a short circuit state, it is very safe and safe. The life of the transformer matches the long life of the neon tube. Under normal use, the quality of neon inductive transformers is not an important factor affecting the quality of neon billboards.
3.2 Neon Electronic Transformers: At present, the overall level of electronic ballasts in China lags behind the level of advanced international countries. Due to the high working voltage of the neon tube and the small current of the tube, it is more suitable for the characteristics of the electronic transformer. Therefore, the overall quality of China's neon electronic transformers is superior to the quality of electronic ballasts for other light sources.
The standard stipulates that when the neon electronic transformer is used outdoors, its outer casing should have the function of protection against rain and electric shock. When the outer casing is made of metal material, grounding protection device should also be provided. When installing outdoors, the distance from the ground should be no less than 3m, otherwise it must be separated by a metal mesh cover to avoid direct contact with the human body. The outdoor transformer should be no less than 1 m away from the drying platform, window, overhead line, etc.
Neon electronic transformers use a large number of electronic components. Therefore, the quality and service life of electronic components have become the key to the quality and service life of electronic transformers. It will even be lower than the life of the neon. This is only one of the main factors affecting the quality of neon billboards.
4. The installation level of neon billboards is an important factor affecting its quality. The problems reflected in the installation of electrical appliances are the most, which are introduced separately below.
4.1 Installation of the lamp:
The mechanical damage of the lamp tube should be prevented due to the influence of the additional mechanical force generated on the mounting surface when the lamp is installed. Special attention should also be paid to the creepage of the lamp lead and the connecting body of the connecting wire and the mounting surface (conductor). The distance and clearance should be in accordance with the standard to prevent the discharge of electrical conductors or burrs and the mounting surface. The standard specifies the fixed position of the lamp insulation bracket, the minimum distance between the fixed lamp and the mounting surface, and the distance from the lead end of the neon tube electrode when the insulated bracket (lamp) is fastened with a wire. If the installation requirements of the lamp are neglected, the damage and failure of the lamp will be caused, which will affect the screen effect of the billboard.
Use neon fixed brackets that do not meet the requirements. Do not pay attention to the reasonable fixing of the lamps. The creepage distance and clearance of the lead wires are the key factors affecting the quality of the lamps.
4.2 Installation of neon transformers:
Special attention should be paid to the fixed waterproofing, electric shock, creepage distance and clearance, and the reliability of the connection during installation. The distance between the transformer and the neon tube should be as short as possible and firmly fixed to the bracket. It should be installed in a position that is naturally waterproof. The neon transformer's input and output terminals should be insulated and protected. The neon transformer metal casing should have grounding or zero-connection protection. The neon transformer output capacity should match the length and quantity of the lamp load, and the single transformer overload. Or the underload shall not exceed 5% of the length of the lamp. Normal start-up under high and low temperature environmental conditions. These requirements are often overlooked, and the reliability and security of billboards will be greatly reduced.
During the installation process of the neon transformer, the fixing of the transformer, the rainproof measures, the protection grounding of the electric shock prevention, and the connectable connection of the transformer output are the main problems of the transformer installation quality.
4.3 Electrical connection:
Electrical connection refers to the connection between the lamp, the transformer, the high and low voltage connecting wires, the controller, the distribution cabinet, the lightning protection stomach, etc. It is the key process for the neon signboard to be combined into a system. The quality of the installation directly determines the suitability and useful life of the billboard. Because neon billboards have a high output voltage (no-load open circuit voltage of 15000V). Therefore, in order to meet the specified creepage distance and clearance, special attention should be paid to the safety wiring of the electrical connection, the reliability of the connection and the insulation protection.
4.3.1 Low-voltage wiring: The input wire of the low-voltage power supply for neon engineering should be a rubber sheath or plastic sheathed multi-core cable with sufficient current carrying capacity. The protective grounding wire of Mingshi should use two-color insulated copper wire between yellow and green phases, and the working neutral wire (neutral wire) should be light blue plastic copper wire. For the wiring of the low-voltage wiring, the wires should be tied and fixed with an insulating strap or a fixed card, or the insulating layer should be protected by adding an insulating sleeve. The wire connection on the primary side of the inductive transformer shall be fixed with a connecting cap.
In the installation of low-voltage wiring, the wiring of many billboard projects does not meet the requirements of the standard. For example, the minimum distance of wiring, the fixing of wiring, etc., have the most problems, and it is easy to cause quality accidents such as short circuit, and there are obvious hidden dangers. .
4.3.2 High-voltage wiring: The connection of the neon transformer output system shall comply with the requirements of creepage distance and clearance. The creepage distance and clearance between the high-voltage line and the application surface of the neon transformer secondary output shall not be less than the following requirements (in mm).
- minimum creepage distance: d = l 2 10 6 U
- minimum clearance: C = 9 + 4.5 U
Where U is the transformer no load rated output voltage (in kV)
The high-voltage conductor of the inductive transformer output should be fixed with a support of high insulation material.
- Maximum distance between the supports: 0.5 m horizontally and 0.7 5 m vertically.
—The distance between the support point and the building: the outdoor should be no less than 5 Omm, and the indoor should be no less than 40 mm.
The output of the high voltage conductor of the electronic transformer shall be fixed by a support of high insulation material.
- Maximum distance between the supports: horizontally laid. 5m, vertical laying 0.7 5m.
—The distance between the support point and the building: the outdoor should be no less than 50 mm, and the indoor should be no less than 40 mm.
The connection of the high-voltage wires should be fixed and protected by a connecting cap, and should not be bundled with adhesive tape.
The voltage at the output of the neon transformer is as high as 15000V. There is a problem in any connection in all electrical connections, such as: connection point virtual connection, non-fixing, burr, creepage distance between electrical conductors and clearance less than standard It is stipulated that the high voltage output of the transformer will cause discharge, arcing and short circuit between the electrical connection and the metal billboard, and electromagnetic interference will occur. The transformer cannot continue to supply the normal voltage to the lamp and cannot ensure the normal operation of the lamp. In normal weather conditions, this problem is not obvious. When the weather is very humid or rainy, it is easy to cause discharge, arcing and short circuit between the high-voltage end of the transformer output and the metal billboard, causing the neon sign to stop working. .
At present, the quality problems occur most because the connection of the high-voltage wiring does not conform to the regulations. In the quality disputes of almost all neon billboards, none of them survived this problem. It has the highest proportion of quality complaints on all neon billboards.
4.3.3 Installation of neon wires through the wall:
In order to prevent the abrasion and aging between the wire and the through-wall, causing sparking, arcing and discharge, the lamp can not work normally. The conductor of the neon tube should be insulated or sheathed with rubber or plastic. Fix the wires at the entrance and exit.
The fact that the neon wire does not penetrate the wall correctly is the root cause of the short circuit and discharge of the electrical device, and at the same time it may cause partial or overall failure of the neon sign.
5. In the quality complaints and judicial arbitration of a large number of neon billboards accepted by our center, there are three problems in the installation of lamps, the installation of neon transformers, and the connection of electrical appliances. Among them, the quality of electrical connections is the most problematic.
1. The factors affecting the quality of neon billboards mainly include several aspects:
a. Quality of neon tubes
b. The quality of neon (inductive, electronic) transformers
c. Installation quality of neon installations
Among the above three aspects of quality problems, the most prominent is the neon billboard "installation problem.
2. The influence of neon tube quality on the quality of neon billboards
The neon tube is a cold cathode glow discharge lamp, which has a long service life, uniform surface illumination, and an ideal planar visual effect. The physical quantity of the neon light color is a rich picture of the sensation of the human body through the subjective feelings of the human body, and the psychological feelings. The national mandatory standard GB 19261-2003 "General requirements and safety requirements for neon tubes" stipulate the performance indicators and safety requirements of neon tubes. The performance requirements of neon lamps are mainly reflected in photoelectric characteristics, such as: brightness, luminous flux maintenance rate, start-up Parameters such as voltage and operating voltage are only nominally φ12mm for the diameter of the lamp. The photoelectric parameters of the neon tube (φ8mm to φ14mm) are clearly defined. In practical applications, specific optoelectronics. The parameters are also related to the use environment of the billboard, the content of the advertisement screen, the color and the contrast between the light and the dark, and the visual physiology and psychological feeling of the observer. Therefore, the limits of the luminosity index of brightness, luminous flux, and illuminance can be adjusted according to the use environment. Unfortunately, in the current relevant standards, the luminescent color characteristics of neon tubes (such as color saturation, purity and other indicators of colorimetry) are not clearly defined.
In recent years, cold cathode fluorescent lamps have been widely used in architectural lighting and landscape lighting. Due to the increased demand, many manufacturers have paid more attention to the manufacturing process of lamp tubes, and the quality of products has also been greatly improved.
The production technology of neon lights is constantly evolving. Domestically, there are not only standard-sized pipe diameters, but also thick pipe diameters and thinner pipe diameters that are not covered by the standard, enriching the variety of neon lights. In the actual production, by changing the filling gas of the lamp tube, improving the starting characteristics of the lamp tube and reducing the working voltage of the lamp tube, the low-temperature start of the neon tube is facilitated, the load capacity of the neon transformer is improved, and the use cost is reduced. However, the current neon tube standard has not yet tracked and covered such products in time. Temporarily lagging behind the development of product technology updates and applications.
Whether the long-life advantages of neon tubes can be fully utilized and played depends on the manufacture of the tubes. At present, the main quality problem of the lamp is the low luminous flux maintenance rate, but this is not an important factor affecting the quality of neon billboards.
3. The impact of neon (inductive, electronic) transformer quality on the quality of neon billboards
3.1 Neon Inductance Transformer: National Mandatory Standard GB 19149-2003 (idt IEc 61050:1991) "General requirements and safety requirements for transformers for tubular discharge lamps with no-load output voltage exceeding 1 000 V (neon) The general requirements and safety requirements of neon inductive transformers are equivalent to the IEC standard of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The standard specifies the ideal range of the rated open circuit voltage of the transformer (1 6 0 0/2 5 0 0/4 0 0/6 3 0 0/1 0000V), which also specifies the ideal value range of the rated operating current of the transformer (1 0/25/4 0/6 3/l OOmA, etc.).
Because of the working characteristics of the neon inductive transformer, in the normal design and processing of the transformer, the short-circuit current is small, close to the normal working current of the lamp. The temperature rise of the winding of the transformer is very low, even if it is in a short circuit state, it is very safe and safe. The life of the transformer matches the long life of the neon tube. Under normal use, the quality of neon inductive transformers is not an important factor affecting the quality of neon billboards.
3.2 Neon Electronic Transformers: At present, the overall level of electronic ballasts in China lags behind the level of advanced international countries. Due to the high working voltage of the neon tube and the small current of the tube, it is more suitable for the characteristics of the electronic transformer. Therefore, the overall quality of China's neon electronic transformers is superior to the quality of electronic ballasts for other light sources.
The standard stipulates that when the neon electronic transformer is used outdoors, its outer casing should have the function of protection against rain and electric shock. When the outer casing is made of metal material, grounding protection device should also be provided. When installing outdoors, the distance from the ground should be no less than 3m, otherwise it must be separated by a metal mesh cover to avoid direct contact with the human body. The outdoor transformer should be no less than 1 m away from the drying platform, window, overhead line, etc.
Neon electronic transformers use a large number of electronic components. Therefore, the quality and service life of electronic components have become the key to the quality and service life of electronic transformers. It will even be lower than the life of the neon. This is only one of the main factors affecting the quality of neon billboards.
4. The installation level of neon billboards is an important factor affecting its quality. The problems reflected in the installation of electrical appliances are the most, which are introduced separately below.
4.1 Installation of the lamp:
The mechanical damage of the lamp tube should be prevented due to the influence of the additional mechanical force generated on the mounting surface when the lamp is installed. Special attention should also be paid to the creepage of the lamp lead and the connecting body of the connecting wire and the mounting surface (conductor). The distance and clearance should be in accordance with the standard to prevent the discharge of electrical conductors or burrs and the mounting surface. The standard specifies the fixed position of the lamp insulation bracket, the minimum distance between the fixed lamp and the mounting surface, and the distance from the lead end of the neon tube electrode when the insulated bracket (lamp) is fastened with a wire. If the installation requirements of the lamp are neglected, the damage and failure of the lamp will be caused, which will affect the screen effect of the billboard.
Use neon fixed brackets that do not meet the requirements. Do not pay attention to the reasonable fixing of the lamps. The creepage distance and clearance of the lead wires are the key factors affecting the quality of the lamps.
4.2 Installation of neon transformers:
Special attention should be paid to the fixed waterproofing, electric shock, creepage distance and clearance, and the reliability of the connection during installation. The distance between the transformer and the neon tube should be as short as possible and firmly fixed to the bracket. It should be installed in a position that is naturally waterproof. The neon transformer's input and output terminals should be insulated and protected. The neon transformer metal casing should have grounding or zero-connection protection. The neon transformer output capacity should match the length and quantity of the lamp load, and the single transformer overload. Or the underload shall not exceed 5% of the length of the lamp. Normal start-up under high and low temperature environmental conditions. These requirements are often overlooked, and the reliability and security of billboards will be greatly reduced.
During the installation process of the neon transformer, the fixing of the transformer, the rainproof measures, the protection grounding of the electric shock prevention, and the connectable connection of the transformer output are the main problems of the transformer installation quality.
4.3 Electrical connection:
Electrical connection refers to the connection between the lamp, the transformer, the high and low voltage connecting wires, the controller, the distribution cabinet, the lightning protection stomach, etc. It is the key process for the neon signboard to be combined into a system. The quality of the installation directly determines the suitability and useful life of the billboard. Because neon billboards have a high output voltage (no-load open circuit voltage of 15000V). Therefore, in order to meet the specified creepage distance and clearance, special attention should be paid to the safety wiring of the electrical connection, the reliability of the connection and the insulation protection.
4.3.1 Low-voltage wiring: The input wire of the low-voltage power supply for neon engineering should be a rubber sheath or plastic sheathed multi-core cable with sufficient current carrying capacity. The protective grounding wire of Mingshi should use two-color insulated copper wire between yellow and green phases, and the working neutral wire (neutral wire) should be light blue plastic copper wire. For the wiring of the low-voltage wiring, the wires should be tied and fixed with an insulating strap or a fixed card, or the insulating layer should be protected by adding an insulating sleeve. The wire connection on the primary side of the inductive transformer shall be fixed with a connecting cap.
In the installation of low-voltage wiring, the wiring of many billboard projects does not meet the requirements of the standard. For example, the minimum distance of wiring, the fixing of wiring, etc., have the most problems, and it is easy to cause quality accidents such as short circuit, and there are obvious hidden dangers. .
4.3.2 High-voltage wiring: The connection of the neon transformer output system shall comply with the requirements of creepage distance and clearance. The creepage distance and clearance between the high-voltage line and the application surface of the neon transformer secondary output shall not be less than the following requirements (in mm).
- minimum creepage distance: d = l 2 10 6 U
- minimum clearance: C = 9 + 4.5 U
Where U is the transformer no load rated output voltage (in kV)
The high-voltage conductor of the inductive transformer output should be fixed with a support of high insulation material.
- Maximum distance between the supports: 0.5 m horizontally and 0.7 5 m vertically.
—The distance between the support point and the building: the outdoor should be no less than 5 Omm, and the indoor should be no less than 40 mm.
The output of the high voltage conductor of the electronic transformer shall be fixed by a support of high insulation material.
- Maximum distance between the supports: horizontally laid. 5m, vertical laying 0.7 5m.
—The distance between the support point and the building: the outdoor should be no less than 50 mm, and the indoor should be no less than 40 mm.
The connection of the high-voltage wires should be fixed and protected by a connecting cap, and should not be bundled with adhesive tape.
The voltage at the output of the neon transformer is as high as 15000V. There is a problem in any connection in all electrical connections, such as: connection point virtual connection, non-fixing, burr, creepage distance between electrical conductors and clearance less than standard It is stipulated that the high voltage output of the transformer will cause discharge, arcing and short circuit between the electrical connection and the metal billboard, and electromagnetic interference will occur. The transformer cannot continue to supply the normal voltage to the lamp and cannot ensure the normal operation of the lamp. In normal weather conditions, this problem is not obvious. When the weather is very humid or rainy, it is easy to cause discharge, arcing and short circuit between the high-voltage end of the transformer output and the metal billboard, causing the neon sign to stop working. .
At present, the quality problems occur most because the connection of the high-voltage wiring does not conform to the regulations. In the quality disputes of almost all neon billboards, none of them survived this problem. It has the highest proportion of quality complaints on all neon billboards.
4.3.3 Installation of neon wires through the wall:
In order to prevent the abrasion and aging between the wire and the through-wall, causing sparking, arcing and discharge, the lamp can not work normally. The conductor of the neon tube should be insulated or sheathed with rubber or plastic. Fix the wires at the entrance and exit.
The fact that the neon wire does not penetrate the wall correctly is the root cause of the short circuit and discharge of the electrical device, and at the same time it may cause partial or overall failure of the neon sign.
5. In the quality complaints and judicial arbitration of a large number of neon billboards accepted by our center, there are three problems in the installation of lamps, the installation of neon transformers, and the connection of electrical appliances. Among them, the quality of electrical connections is the most problematic.
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