With the continuous deepening and development of China's reform and opening up, all walks of life are undergoing rapid changes, such as dance halls, video halls, auditoriums, KTV halls (including restaurants with KTV hall functions), and amusement halls (including electronic entertainment). The rise and development of song and dance entertainment screening venues (hereinafter referred to as song and dance entertainment screening venues), such as saunas, Internet cafes, etc., are fast and diverse, and gradually show the characteristics of large, full and new. The area is getting bigger and bigger, the internal facilities are getting more and more complete, the equipment and materials used are getting newer, and the requirements for safety, flexibility and comfort are getting higher and higher. Building electrical is undoubtedly part of the measure of usage. As a branch of building electrical, emergency lighting is also an important safety facility in modern entertainment venues. Especially in the case of fires or power failures in the above buildings, emergency lighting plays an important role in evacuating personnel, firefighting and rescue work, ensuring personal safety, performing necessary operations or maintaining work. Below, the author only combines the practice in his own design work to talk about some of his own experiences and opinions on the emergency lighting of the entertainment venues for singing and dancing entertainment.
î—¥ î—¥ First, the classification and setting of emergency lighting î—¥ î—¥ emergency lighting according to "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings" JGJ/T16-92 (hereinafter referred to as "People's Regulations") is defined as: in the case of normal lighting for reasons of extinction, for Illumination for temporary work, security or evacuation. Article 11.3.2 of the "People's Regulations" stipulates: "The types of lighting can be divided into normal lighting, emergency lighting, duty lighting, security lighting, landscape lighting and obstacle sign lights. Emergency lighting includes standby lighting (for continuing and temporary work lighting) ), evacuation lighting and safety lighting." According to the above regulations, emergency lighting can be understood as: lighting that is safe, for people to evacuate or to continue working for a short time in the case that the normal lighting power system no longer provides normal lighting.
1. Standby lighting î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥
î—¥ î—¥ "Civil Regulations" Schedule C.3.12: emergency lighting in the fire control room, fire pump room, smoke machine room, generator room, transformer room, telephone switchboard room, central monitoring room, etc. should maintain normal illumination illumination Level, other places can be no less than 1/10 of the normal illumination, but the minimum should not be less than 5lx, and the continuous working time is more than 120 minutes.
î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥
2. Evacuation lighting   Evacuation lighting refers to the indicator lighting used to safely and correctly guide personnel to find a safe exit when normal lighting fails. It can be generally divided into safety exit sign lights, evacuation indicator lights and evacuation. flashlight. The safety exit sign light is used to identify the location of the safety exit. It should be installed above the evacuation door (usually 0.3m above the door), and its illumination level is greater than 0.5lx. Continuous working time: multi-storey, high-rise buildings ≥ 30 minutes, super High-rise buildings ≥ 60 minutes.
The evacuation indicator light is used to identify the direction of the safety exit. It should be installed on the wall of the evacuation walkway and its corner below 1m below the ground. The distance between the marker lights on the evacuation walkway should not exceed 20m. The illuminance level is greater than 0.5lx, continuous working time: multi-layer, high-rise buildings ≥ 30 minutes, super high-rise buildings ≥ 60 minutes.
Evacuation lights are used to enable people to see any obstructions on the channel, and it is easy to find all the manual alarms, call communication devices and fire-fighting equipment on the evacuation route. Coordinated with normal lighting fixtures. The illuminance level is greater than 5lx, continuous working time: multi-layer, high-rise buildings ≥ 30 minutes, super high-rise buildings ≥ 60 minutes.
3. Safety lighting î—¥ î—¥ Safety lighting refers to the lighting set to ensure the safety of people or objects in danger when the normal lighting fails. Special lighting should be used, and the illumination level of normal lighting should be maintained.
The setting of emergency lighting for singing and dancing entertainment screening venues should meet the requirements of the above-mentioned illumination and working hours in the specification. In the design, it should be determined according to the different places and their importance and the principle of national standard priority industry standards. Emergency lighting fixtures for the site. For the setting range and setting requirements of emergency lighting, please refer to Appendix C.3 of the Civil Code.
î—¥ î—¥ Second, the emergency lighting power supply mode î—¥ î—¥ song and dance entertainment screening entertainment venues, the choice of emergency lighting power supply should consider the types of emergency lighting, conversion time, continuous working time, the characteristics of various power supplies and actual engineering requirements and other factors , to be safe and reliable, advanced technology and economical. The power supply mode of emergency lighting power can be divided into the following types:
1. Powered by independent power supply of the grid. The specific scheme can be divided into: (1) When there are two high-voltage power supplies, the mains supply of emergency lighting should be connected to different transformers on the two high-voltage busbars: (2) When two-way low-voltage power supply is used, emergency lighting The power supply should be taken separately from the two low-voltage distribution mains. This kind of power supply mode has the characteristics that the conversion time is easy to meet the requirements, the continuous working time is long, and the power supply capacity is not limited. When one way of failure is ensured, the other way can continue to work. However, in the event of a major disaster, its power supply reliability may be destroyed, and the role of emergency lighting power supply may be lost. This kind of power supply is not specially set for emergency lighting. It is often set up according to the functional requirements of the building and the actual situation of the local power grid.
2. Powered by diesel generator sets. Its characteristic is that the power supply capacity and power supply time are basically unlimited, but the unit self-starting time takes 15s during power failure, so it can only be used for evacuation lighting and standby lighting (conversion time ≤15s), but not for safety lighting (conversion time ≤ 0.5s) and some alternative lighting for locations where conversion time is required. This type of power supply is often set up in buildings to meet fire protection requirements.
3. Use Battery Pack power supply. The battery pack power supply is further divided into a self-contained battery emergency light and a centralized battery pack. It has the characteristics of high power supply reliability, rapid conversion, convenient increase and decrease, less investment, and convenient operation management and maintenance.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that for the emergency lighting of the entertainment venues for singing and dancing entertainment, it is uneconomical to use two-way power supply or use diesel generator sets to provide power management and maintenance inconvenience and large investment. In addition to special requirements, the emergency lighting of the song and dance entertainment screening venues is preferred to use battery pack power. When using the self-contained battery in the lamp, that is, the self-contained power supply emergency light, the disadvantage is that the initial investment cost is high, and the investment needs to be repeated every year. It is necessary to manually charge and discharge one by one, and the service life is generally about one year. This method is suitable for buildings with a small number of emergency lighting, and a relatively scattered and small scale. Now there is a dual-purpose emergency power supply with ZLUS battery pack on the market. This product is transferred to the grid when the grid is in normal condition. When the grid is out of power, it automatically supplies the 380/220V power supply to the fire emergency load. It can output DC240V or DC24V DC power supply. When the grid resumes power supply, the power supply is automatically converted into grid power. This power supply can work continuously for 90 minutes in the harsh environment of fire. It can meet the emergency lighting and power load requirements below 400kW. Compared with the self-contained battery emergency lighting, it saves initial investment, avoids repeated investment, maintenance-free, and the life of the host is More than 20 years. From the author's investigation of several projects in Dalian area, this kind of emergency power supply can fully meet the emergency lighting power supply requirements of the song and dance entertainment screening entertainment venue, and should be promoted.
î—¥ î—¥ Third, the laying of emergency lighting lines and distribution protection î—¥ î—¥ emergency lighting lines should use flame-retardant copper core wire and cable, not allowed to have a joint in the middle, should be protected by a metal pipe, and should be darkly applied to the non-combustion structure Inside, the thickness of the protective layer should not be less than 3cm. When it is necessary to apply it, fire protection measures should be taken on the outer wall of the metal pipe, such as applying acrylic latex fireproof coating on the outer wall of the metal pipe. When cables with insulation and sheathing are non-flammable materials, they may not be protected by metal pipes, but should be laid in cable shafts.
î—¥ î—¥ Because the emergency lighting circuit is not allowed to disconnect, the overload protection device in the line should act on the signal, and should not act on the circuit; nor should the leakage protection switch be installed. When the line has a ground fault, Set single-phase grounding alarm device.
Emergency lighting should be divided according to fire zones and must not cross fire zones.
î—¥
IV. Concluding remarks î—¥ î—¥ The author noticed the provisions on the illumination and continuous working hours of emergency lighting in the "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" GB50045-95 and the "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" GBJ16-87 The provisions of the Civil Code are different. The design should be based on local conditions and the principle that the industry standards are subject to national standards. In recent years, there have been fires and other accidents during the screening of entertainment venues, causing huge property losses and casualties. The emergency lighting of the entertainment venues for singing and dancing entertainment should be valued for its unique importance, but how to make emergency lighting design strictly Implementing national standards and norms to meet actual needs requires electrical design workers to further explore in future engineering practices.
î—¥ î—¥ First, the classification and setting of emergency lighting î—¥ î—¥ emergency lighting according to "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings" JGJ/T16-92 (hereinafter referred to as "People's Regulations") is defined as: in the case of normal lighting for reasons of extinction, for Illumination for temporary work, security or evacuation. Article 11.3.2 of the "People's Regulations" stipulates: "The types of lighting can be divided into normal lighting, emergency lighting, duty lighting, security lighting, landscape lighting and obstacle sign lights. Emergency lighting includes standby lighting (for continuing and temporary work lighting) ), evacuation lighting and safety lighting." According to the above regulations, emergency lighting can be understood as: lighting that is safe, for people to evacuate or to continue working for a short time in the case that the normal lighting power system no longer provides normal lighting.
1. Standby lighting î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥
î—¥ î—¥ "Civil Regulations" Schedule C.3.12: emergency lighting in the fire control room, fire pump room, smoke machine room, generator room, transformer room, telephone switchboard room, central monitoring room, etc. should maintain normal illumination illumination Level, other places can be no less than 1/10 of the normal illumination, but the minimum should not be less than 5lx, and the continuous working time is more than 120 minutes.
î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥ î—¥
2. Evacuation lighting   Evacuation lighting refers to the indicator lighting used to safely and correctly guide personnel to find a safe exit when normal lighting fails. It can be generally divided into safety exit sign lights, evacuation indicator lights and evacuation. flashlight. The safety exit sign light is used to identify the location of the safety exit. It should be installed above the evacuation door (usually 0.3m above the door), and its illumination level is greater than 0.5lx. Continuous working time: multi-storey, high-rise buildings ≥ 30 minutes, super High-rise buildings ≥ 60 minutes.
The evacuation indicator light is used to identify the direction of the safety exit. It should be installed on the wall of the evacuation walkway and its corner below 1m below the ground. The distance between the marker lights on the evacuation walkway should not exceed 20m. The illuminance level is greater than 0.5lx, continuous working time: multi-layer, high-rise buildings ≥ 30 minutes, super high-rise buildings ≥ 60 minutes.
Evacuation lights are used to enable people to see any obstructions on the channel, and it is easy to find all the manual alarms, call communication devices and fire-fighting equipment on the evacuation route. Coordinated with normal lighting fixtures. The illuminance level is greater than 5lx, continuous working time: multi-layer, high-rise buildings ≥ 30 minutes, super high-rise buildings ≥ 60 minutes.
3. Safety lighting î—¥ î—¥ Safety lighting refers to the lighting set to ensure the safety of people or objects in danger when the normal lighting fails. Special lighting should be used, and the illumination level of normal lighting should be maintained.
The setting of emergency lighting for singing and dancing entertainment screening venues should meet the requirements of the above-mentioned illumination and working hours in the specification. In the design, it should be determined according to the different places and their importance and the principle of national standard priority industry standards. Emergency lighting fixtures for the site. For the setting range and setting requirements of emergency lighting, please refer to Appendix C.3 of the Civil Code.
î—¥ î—¥ Second, the emergency lighting power supply mode î—¥ î—¥ song and dance entertainment screening entertainment venues, the choice of emergency lighting power supply should consider the types of emergency lighting, conversion time, continuous working time, the characteristics of various power supplies and actual engineering requirements and other factors , to be safe and reliable, advanced technology and economical. The power supply mode of emergency lighting power can be divided into the following types:
1. Powered by independent power supply of the grid. The specific scheme can be divided into: (1) When there are two high-voltage power supplies, the mains supply of emergency lighting should be connected to different transformers on the two high-voltage busbars: (2) When two-way low-voltage power supply is used, emergency lighting The power supply should be taken separately from the two low-voltage distribution mains. This kind of power supply mode has the characteristics that the conversion time is easy to meet the requirements, the continuous working time is long, and the power supply capacity is not limited. When one way of failure is ensured, the other way can continue to work. However, in the event of a major disaster, its power supply reliability may be destroyed, and the role of emergency lighting power supply may be lost. This kind of power supply is not specially set for emergency lighting. It is often set up according to the functional requirements of the building and the actual situation of the local power grid.
2. Powered by diesel generator sets. Its characteristic is that the power supply capacity and power supply time are basically unlimited, but the unit self-starting time takes 15s during power failure, so it can only be used for evacuation lighting and standby lighting (conversion time ≤15s), but not for safety lighting (conversion time ≤ 0.5s) and some alternative lighting for locations where conversion time is required. This type of power supply is often set up in buildings to meet fire protection requirements.
3. Use Battery Pack power supply. The battery pack power supply is further divided into a self-contained battery emergency light and a centralized battery pack. It has the characteristics of high power supply reliability, rapid conversion, convenient increase and decrease, less investment, and convenient operation management and maintenance.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that for the emergency lighting of the entertainment venues for singing and dancing entertainment, it is uneconomical to use two-way power supply or use diesel generator sets to provide power management and maintenance inconvenience and large investment. In addition to special requirements, the emergency lighting of the song and dance entertainment screening venues is preferred to use battery pack power. When using the self-contained battery in the lamp, that is, the self-contained power supply emergency light, the disadvantage is that the initial investment cost is high, and the investment needs to be repeated every year. It is necessary to manually charge and discharge one by one, and the service life is generally about one year. This method is suitable for buildings with a small number of emergency lighting, and a relatively scattered and small scale. Now there is a dual-purpose emergency power supply with ZLUS battery pack on the market. This product is transferred to the grid when the grid is in normal condition. When the grid is out of power, it automatically supplies the 380/220V power supply to the fire emergency load. It can output DC240V or DC24V DC power supply. When the grid resumes power supply, the power supply is automatically converted into grid power. This power supply can work continuously for 90 minutes in the harsh environment of fire. It can meet the emergency lighting and power load requirements below 400kW. Compared with the self-contained battery emergency lighting, it saves initial investment, avoids repeated investment, maintenance-free, and the life of the host is More than 20 years. From the author's investigation of several projects in Dalian area, this kind of emergency power supply can fully meet the emergency lighting power supply requirements of the song and dance entertainment screening entertainment venue, and should be promoted.
î—¥ î—¥ Third, the laying of emergency lighting lines and distribution protection î—¥ î—¥ emergency lighting lines should use flame-retardant copper core wire and cable, not allowed to have a joint in the middle, should be protected by a metal pipe, and should be darkly applied to the non-combustion structure Inside, the thickness of the protective layer should not be less than 3cm. When it is necessary to apply it, fire protection measures should be taken on the outer wall of the metal pipe, such as applying acrylic latex fireproof coating on the outer wall of the metal pipe. When cables with insulation and sheathing are non-flammable materials, they may not be protected by metal pipes, but should be laid in cable shafts.
î—¥ î—¥ Because the emergency lighting circuit is not allowed to disconnect, the overload protection device in the line should act on the signal, and should not act on the circuit; nor should the leakage protection switch be installed. When the line has a ground fault, Set single-phase grounding alarm device.
Emergency lighting should be divided according to fire zones and must not cross fire zones.
î—¥
IV. Concluding remarks î—¥ î—¥ The author noticed the provisions on the illumination and continuous working hours of emergency lighting in the "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" GB50045-95 and the "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" GBJ16-87 The provisions of the Civil Code are different. The design should be based on local conditions and the principle that the industry standards are subject to national standards. In recent years, there have been fires and other accidents during the screening of entertainment venues, causing huge property losses and casualties. The emergency lighting of the entertainment venues for singing and dancing entertainment should be valued for its unique importance, but how to make emergency lighting design strictly Implementing national standards and norms to meet actual needs requires electrical design workers to further explore in future engineering practices.
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