0 Preface
The power grid is an important basic industry for economic and social development and an important link in the national energy industry chain. To ensure China's future energy and economic and social sustainable development, the State Grid Corporation has proposed a smart grid development model that meets China's energy strategy and grid enterprise demand. Smart grid refers to the intelligence of the grid and is based on an integrated, high-speed two-way communication network. Through advanced sensing and measurement technology, advanced equipment technology, advanced control methods, and advanced decision support system technology, the grid is reliable, safe, economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe to use. According to MarTIn Hauske, senior power expert at IBM China, the smart grid has three levels of meaning [1]: First, the sensor is used to monitor the operating status of key equipment such as power generation, transmission, distribution, and power supply in real time; The data is collected and integrated through the network system; finally, through the analysis and mining of the data, the optimal management of the entire power system operation is achieved. At the "2009 International Conference on UHV Transmission Technology" held on May 21, 2009, Liu Zhenya, general manager of State Grid Corporation, said that the active development of smart grid has become a new trend in the world's power development. By 2020, China will be fully unified. Strong smart grid. China's State Grid, in combination with basic national conditions and UHV practices, has established the development goal of accelerating the construction of a strong smart grid, namely, accelerating the construction of a UHV grid as a backbone grid, coordinated development of all levels of power grids, with information, digitization, automation and interaction. A unified and strong smart grid with features.
In order to improve the safety and stability level of smart grid and the efficiency of power grid equipment management, it is necessary to strengthen and improve the monitoring capability of power grid facilities, effective methods for state detection of power transmission and transformation equipment, advanced technology, sensing technology, state assessment technology, information technology and communication support. Technology to carry out technical research and engineering applications. In July 2009, State Grid Corporation decided to comprehensively promote the implementation of state overhaul since 2010, comprehensively improve the level of equipment intelligence, promote the application of intelligent equipment and technology, and achieve online security warning and intelligent monitoring of equipment.
1 Differences in state detection between smart grids and traditional grids
1.1 Status of traditional grid state detection technology
State maintenance is based on the current actual working conditions of the equipment. Through advanced state monitoring methods, reliability evaluation methods and life prediction methods, the equipment status is judged, early signs of faults are identified, fault locations and their severity, and fault development trends. Make judgments and perform maintenance based on the analysis of the diagnostic results before the performance of the equipment drops to a certain extent or the fault will occur [2]. The efficient implementation of state maintenance requires a large amount of equipment status information, providing basic data for equipment status evaluation and status maintenance strategy development. Equipment status information includes inspection, operating conditions, live detection, power outage routine test, power failure diagnostic test data, and so on.
With the development of state detection technology, people have become more and more aware that the trinity detection mode of “charge detection, online monitoring, power failure maintenance test†represents the development direction of future state-of-the-art detection technology for power transmission and transformation equipment.
The live detection generally adopts the portable detection equipment, and the on-site detection of the state quantity of the equipment is carried out under the operating state. The detection mode is the detection of short-time charging, which is different from the long-term continuous online monitoring [3]. In terms of electrification detection technology, the main charging detection technologies currently used at home and abroad include: oil chromatography analysis, infrared temperature measurement, partial discharge detection, core current charging detection, ultraviolet imaging detection, capacitive device insulation detection, gas leakage and charging detection, Among them, the most commonly used and most effective are partial discharge charging detection, oil chromatography analysis and infrared temperature measurement technology. In particular, the partial discharge charging detection technology is the most rapid development and the most effective detection technology for the detection of electrical equipment insulation defects.
In terms of online monitoring technology, the current application is mainly concentrated in substation equipment, and transmission lines and cables are gradually appearing in some applications. For substation equipment, the on-line monitoring technologies used in transformers and reactors mainly include: oil chromatography, partial discharge, core ground current, bushing insulation, top oil temperature and winding hot spot temperature; capacitive devices such as CT, CVT, and coupling capacitor are mainly The capacitance and dielectric loss are monitored. The arrester mainly monitors the leakage current. The main online monitoring technologies for circuit breakers such as circuit breakers and GIS include switch mechanical characteristics, GIS partial discharge, SF6 gas leakage and SF6 micro water and density. Among them, the application is relatively mature and effective: on-line monitoring of transformer oil chromatography, on-line monitoring of capacitive equipment and lightning arresters. For transmission lines, the main online monitoring methods currently used are lightning monitoring, insulator contamination, tower tilt, wire sag and other monitoring technologies, but the more mature ones are lightning monitoring and insulator contamination monitoring. For power cables, the main online detection methods are temperature and partial discharge, and relatively mature is distributed optical fiber temperature measurement.
In the field of power outage maintenance tests, a set of mature preventive test methods and procedures have been formed at home and abroad.
China's state detection and evaluation work is still in its infancy, and the problems in the application and promotion of state detection technology mainly include: (1) The scope of application of state detection technology is not wide, compared with the total amount of power grid equipment, the equipment coverage of state monitoring technology application It is still at a low level; (2) the state detection device is not highly reliable, there is a false alarm phenomenon, and the device has a high failure rate and a large workload for operation and maintenance; (3) lack of uniform standards and specifications, and various manufacturers The working principle, performance index and operational reliability of the device are quite different. At the same time, the calibration methods, output data specifications and monitoring platforms of various devices are different; (4) lack of in-depth and effective comprehensive state assessment methods; Online monitoring technology needs to deepen research. The current online monitoring technology still has a blind zone in the detection of equipment defects. The state parameters are not rich enough, and the early warning effect on sudden faults is not obvious enough. (6) Lack of unified assessment, assessment and guidance. Industry management agency.
1.2 Differences in state detection between smart grids and traditional grids
The scope of acquisition of state information by smart grids will vary greatly from traditional grids. The status information of the smart grid in the future includes not only the status information of the grid equipment, such as: the health status of the power generation and transmission and transformation equipment, the economic operation curve, etc.; there should also be real-time information of the grid operation, such as: unit operating conditions, grid operation Status, trend information, etc.; should also have natural physical information, such as: geographic information, breath information, etc. [4].
The level of information acquisition and utilization of traditional power grids is low, and it is difficult to form a system-level integrated service application. The smart grid integrates and integrates many advanced technologies such as communication technology, computer technology, sensing measurement technology and control technology with the original power grid facilities. Compared with the traditional power grid, the smart grid further expands the panoramic real-time information of the power grid. The ability to acquire, integrate, analyze, reorganize, and share various real-time information in the entire production process through a secure, reliable, and common communication channel. By strengthening the analysis, diagnosis and optimization of real-time and dynamic state information of the power grid, it is possible to provide a more comprehensive and detailed grid operation state display for grid operation and management personnel, and to provide corresponding control schemes, backup plans and auxiliary decision-making strategies. It is safe, reliable, economical and environmentally friendly to maximize the operation of the grid. Smart grid condition maintenance will not only be limited to the state of the grid equipment, it is bound to extend more complex advanced applications.
2 Key technologies for smart grid status detection
The application scope of smart grid state detection will no longer be limited to narrow areas such as state maintenance and life cycle management, but will be expanded to areas such as safe operation, optimized dispatch, economic operation, quality service, and environmental protection. Smart grid state detection technology should cover the following aspects: panoramic real-time state detection at the grid system level; true life cycle management of grid equipment; optimal operation mode of grid; timely and reliable grid operation warning; real-time online rapid simulation and auxiliary decision support Promote economic, environmentally friendly and efficient operation of the power generation side [4]. This paper mainly discusses the problems that need to be studied and solved in the research direction of transmission line equipment management, state maintenance and life cycle management, and related technologies of intelligent substation and the expected goals.
2.1 Transmission line equipment management
The key technology of transmission line intelligence is intelligent technology based on informationization, digitization, automation and interaction to monitor, evaluate, diagnose and warn transmission line equipment to ensure the safety of transmission line operation. The management of transmission line equipment is an important aspect to realize the state detection of transmission lines and realize the intelligentization of transmission lines. Specifically, the research on transmission line equipment management needs to be covered as follows.
(1) Research on “self-test†function of transmission line equipment: study the characteristic parameters of transmission equipment and detection and monitoring technology; construct equipment condition monitoring and diagnosis road map; roll optimization maintenance strategy; build transmission line condition maintenance system.
(2) Research on “self-evaluation†function of transmission line equipment: construct digital evaluation system of equipment operation status, realize self-evaluation function of equipment; construct equipment failure risk assessment model, realize controllable management of equipment risk cost; establish economic life of equipment model.
(3) Research on “self-diagnosis†function of transmission line equipment: study the typical failure modes of main equipment, extract effective characteristic parameters, and give the evaluation criteria of faults; study the characterization method of equipment state when multi-feature parameters reflect the same failure mode; Establish a smart device technology system with self-diagnosis function.
(4) Research on "accident warning and auxiliary decision-making" function of transmission line equipment: constructing equipment operation reliability prediction model, realizing numerical prediction function of equipment failure; realizing optimal management of equipment life cycle cost; developing auxiliary decision-making system based on characteristic parameters of equipment It can provide the reliability prediction information of equipment for grid dispatching, and provide advanced power supply safety and rapid warning function.
2.2 Status Maintenance and Asset Life Management
The four aspects of equipment basic data collection and management, equipment status evaluation, fault diagnosis and development trend prediction, and remaining life assessment during the state overhaul process are the utilization, maintenance, transformation and renewal of assets during the asset life cycle management process. The basic work that needs to be carried out, and the management of asset planning, design and procurement are also inseparable from the feedback of historical data, status and health records of the equipment during use and maintenance. The following contents should be studied for the state maintenance and asset life management of power transmission and transformation equipment for smart grids.
(1) Numerical prediction technology based on self-diagnosis function for fault mode and fault risk: based on oil-immersed power transformers, circuit breakers and GIS, on the basis of primary intelligent equipment, further increase self-test parameters and improve self Research on detection function; in the aspect of self-diagnosis, carry out research to improve the level of intelligence, realize the numerical prediction of equipment failure probability and failure risk, and serve the safe operation management of intelligent equipment and even the power grid.
(2) State maintenance assistant decision-making: Based on the basic functions of the state-of-the-art maintenance and decision-making decision-making of the existing power transmission and transformation equipment, the maintenance planning and optimization technology based on state maintenance, equipment state analysis and fault diagnosis technology, and typical defects of transmission and distribution equipment are studied. Standardization technology, equipment manufacturer unique identification and tracking technology, online monitoring data access technology, etc., and improve the evaluation guidelines for the expansion of power transmission and transformation equipment.
(3) Asset life cycle management: Based on the existing mature software package, production management, dispatch management, marketing management, reliability management, bidding management, planning statistics, etc., research on grid assets from planning, design, procurement, Key technologies for informationization in the whole life cycle management of construction, operation, overhaul, technical renovation and scrapping, focusing on equipment asset holographic information model, equipment asset life cycle management and control technology, power equipment supply based on asset performance and service support Comprehensive evaluation technology, equipment asset life cycle optimization evaluation decision-making system and related algorithms, technical improvement overhaul decision-making technology based on asset life cycle, and finally realize the assets of the asset support life-cycle assessment decision system as the key support system Life cycle management system.
(4) Equipment operation and maintenance strategy for smart grid: research on substation inspection technology, inspection project and inspection technical specification for smart grid; study power failure test and maintenance strategy for smart grid; research completion meets smart grid operation characteristics Equipment outage test and maintenance modeling; research on on-site maintenance, inspection and verification techniques and strategies for intelligent accessories. Establish a set of equipment operation and maintenance technical system and standard system for smart grid to meet the operational management requirements of smart grid.
(5) Equipment life cycle cost management strategy for smart grid: study the failure modes and failure probability of various primary equipments, study the maintenance model (time and resource distribution law) under various failure modes, and study various faults. Risk loss under mode (overhaul cost, power loss cost, social impact conversion cost, etc.). For the smart grid, research the technical and economic life model of the equipment, and establish a life cycle cost model according to the new and old equipment classification and the corresponding equipment maintenance and replacement strategy. For the smart grid, complete the equipment life cycle cost management technical system and standard system to meet the operational requirements of the smart grid.
2.3 Research on related technologies of intelligent substation
Intelligent substation is the physical basis of smart grid, and its core technology is intelligent primary equipment and networked secondary equipment. The research content of the technology related to smart substation needs to include the following aspects.
(1) Intelligent substation technical system and related standard specifications: study the architecture and technical system of intelligent substation, define the definition and positioning of intelligent substation, formulate corresponding standards and specifications, guide the construction and operation of smart substation in the future, and improve the standardization of intelligent substation Degree, openness and interoperability.
(2) Intelligent substation dynamic data processing: by developing an open intelligent substation system, and improving communication equipment to achieve faster data collection rate, or storing online measurement data in a local intelligent substation, and then Each intelligent substation exchanges relevant data, and each intelligent substation is regarded as an agent, thereby implementing all-digital real-time decision-making applications based on MulTI-Agent. On the side of the advanced dispatch center, it is necessary to develop a wide-area panoramic distributed integrated EMS/WAMS technical support system.
(3) Automatic reconfiguration technology of intelligent substation systems and equipment: Establish self-description specifications of intelligent devices, realize automatic modeling and model reconstruction of systems and equipment in intelligent substation, and realize intelligentization in system expansion, upgrade and transformation Rapid system deployment, testing, verification and error correction, improve the safety of intelligent substation automation systems, and reduce system construction and commissioning cycles.
(4) Intelligent substation distribution coordination/adaptive control technology: research and development of distributed coordination/adaptive control technology and method to solve the adaptive modification of relay protection, stable remediation and reactive power compensation device caused by flexible partition, and realize the solution Distributed intelligent control of microgrids and substations including power generation.
3 Conclusion
State detection technology is a technology for state-based maintenance or predictive maintenance services. Its development is due to the technical requirements of state maintenance for the acquisition, analysis and evaluation of grid equipment status information. In the future state detection of smart grids, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of information collection, strengthen the reliability and accuracy of the collected information, and improve the availability of monitoring information through remote, on-site calibration and calibration techniques. At the same time, the information processing of smart grid state detection must be processed hierarchically for different application requirements. The application scope of smart grid state detection will no longer be limited to state maintenance, full life cycle management, etc., and will be expanded to areas such as safe operation, optimized dispatch, economic operation, and quality service. In short, the state of the smart grid state detection technology will far exceed the scope of traditional grid state detection, the detection scope will be greatly expanded, full coverage, and will provide extended application support for grid operation, integrated management, etc., not limited to the grid Monitoring of equipment.
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