Why is OLED development difficult?

Dimensional bottleneck is difficult to break through, OLED development progress is slow

Although the market for small electronic devices such as mobile phones and digital media players has become a high-end technology symbol, in the field of large-size displays, OLEDs are still slow to develop or even lag. At the end of March 2010, Sony Corporation of Japan announced that it would stop supplying OLED TVs in the Japanese market because of the slow sales of such products in the market. Sony is the pioneer company that launched OLED color TV. At this time, it turned around and caused widespread concern in the industry.


In fact, in the large-size market, only Sony 11-inch and LG 15-inch OLED TVs are mass-produced, not only the output is very small, but also the manufacturer believes that this product will damage the company's revenue. Although Samsung sells a lot of OLED panels, it is also limited to the small size market of mobile phones. So why has OLED been limited to small-size screen applications for years and can't be bigger?


In the development of OLED technology, major manufacturers are unwilling to lag behind, and have invested in the research and development and manufacturing of OLED panels. Matsushita Electric, Canon and Hitachi, three Japanese electronics companies, also announced a strategic alliance to jointly develop the OLED panel business. Up to now, Samsung's large-size OLED TVs have appeared frequently at the show. LG already has flexible display technology, and Panasonic is also keen on the research of TV-size OLEDs. Even so, the mass production of OLED TV products is still slow.


Korean company ambition or will launch 5th generation line


According to the UBIndustryResearch survey, Samsung's OLED sales accounted for 73% of the global market share in 2009. At present, Samsung's SMD company has the world's largest OLED panel production line. Starting from the first half of this year, Samsung will invest 1.3 billion US dollars to build a 5th generation line for the production of large and medium-sized TV panels, and gradually shift its OLED market use from mobile phones to TV applications.


However, Samsung executives said in a public occasion last March that OLEDs would take at least four to five years to enter the mainstream TV market due to a number of technical and production cost issues.


The LG Group, which has a business scale of less than 1% of SMD, has to re-integrate its three subsidiaries, LG Electronics, LG Display and LG Chemical, under the strong pressure of Samsung to jointly invest in the OLED business unit. LG first acquired the ultra-thin OLED screen technology research and development business of Kodak, which pioneered the development of this technology in the 1970s. Then in March this year began to purchase production equipment, ready to build the 5th generation line, into the field of television applications.


At present, Samsung and LG are eager to increase the R&D and layout of large and medium-sized OLED products. They plan to launch OLED notebook computers and TVs in May 2010 and 2011 respectively.


Customers look at new technologies, and the advantages and disadvantages of OLEDs are clear


OLED display technology is mainly classified into two types according to different driving modes: passive driving OLED (PM-OLED) and active driving OLED (AM-OLED). Compared with PM-OLED, AM-OLED has more advantages: AM-OLED adopts a backplane prepared with TFT (Thin Film Transistor) pattern as a display substrate, so that it can obtain larger display capacity, better display quality, Longer life, which enables OLED TV display.


Compared with mainstream liquid crystals currently on the market, OLEDs have many advantages: First, OLEDs can emit light by themselves, and only cells that need to be lit will be powered, while liquid crystals require lamps as backlights, so OLEDs have higher brightness than liquid crystals. The contrast is larger, the color effect is more abundant, and since a large number of lamps are not required as a backlight, the OLED voltage is lower and more energy-saving; secondly, the composition of the OLED is a solid structure, and there is no liquid substance, so that the seismic performance is better, and it is not afraid The response time is one thousandth of that of the LCD TV. There is absolutely no smear in the motion picture; and it has almost no problem of the viewing angle. Even when viewed under a large angle of view, the picture is still not distorted.


However, the shortcomings of OLEDs are also fatal. The extremely low yield (less than 30%) when producing large-size OLED panels leads to high manufacturing costs, while LCD panels can reach more than 99%.


In addition, short life is also a problem for OLED technology. DisplaySearch once pointed out that OLED TVs have a lifespan of only 20,000 hours. Compared with LCDs and LEDs, life expectancy is much shorter. To meet industrialization requirements, at least 50,000 hours are required. This technical obstacle has prevented it to some extent. The pace of industrialization of OLED TVs. Toshiba said its 2009 launch of a 30-inch OLED solution damaged the company's revenue in December, which allowed the company to reposition the business and focus on small-size displays such as mobile phones in the future.


From this point of view, OLED has indeed reached a bottleneck in development. This is evident from the fact that in 2010, various manufacturers have invested in 3D after LED. Whether OLED will break through the bottleneck in the future will give the flat-panel TV industry a new direction. We will wait and see. (Edit: Led Fish)

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