Detailed working principle and classification characteristics of analog-to-digital converter

Foreword: Analog-to-digital converters are also a type of converter. Have you ever used them? What is the function of the analog-to-digital converter? How do you play these functions? Let me introduce you to the working principle of the analog-to-digital converter.

How analog to digital converter works

An analog-to-digital converter, or A/D converter, or ADC for short, usually refers to an electronic component that converts an analog signal into a digital signal. A typical analog-to-digital converter is a converter that converts an analog quantity processed by comparison with a standard amount into a discrete signal expressed by a binary value. Therefore, any analog-to-digital converter requires a reference analog quantity as the conversion standard. The more common reference standard is the maximum convertible signal size. The output digital quantity represents the size of the input signal relative to the reference signal.

Detailed working principle and classification characteristics of analog-to-digital converter

Analog to digital converter classification

There are many types of analog-to-digital converters, which can be divided into indirect ADCs and direct ADCs depending on the operating principle. Indirect ADCs convert the input analog voltage to time or frequency and then convert these intermediate quantities into digital quantities. A commonly used double integral ADC is used. Direct ADCs are directly converted to digital quantities. Commonly used are parallel comparator ADCs and successive approximation ADCs.

Parallel comparison ADC: Simultaneous parallel comparison using various levels, each output code is also generated in parallel at the same time, so the conversion speed is fast. The disadvantage of parallel comparator ADCs is their high cost and high power consumption.

Successive approximation ADC: It produces a series of comparison voltages VR, but it generates a comparison voltage one by one, and compares them with the input voltage one by one, and performs analog-to-digital conversion in a gradually approximating manner. It has a slower conversion speed than a parallel comparator ADC and is much faster than a dual-division ADC. It is a medium speed ADC device.

Dual-integrated ADC: It integrates the input sample voltage and the reference voltage twice to obtain a time interval proportional to the average value of the sampled voltage, and counts the standard clock pulse with a counter. Its advantages are strong anti-interference ability and good stability; the main disadvantage is low conversion speed.

How does the analog-to-digital converter work? How does it work?

Analog-to-digital conversion generally involves several steps of sampling, holding, and quantifying and encoding. Below we take the ∑-△ A / D converter as an example to briefly introduce its working principle. The working principle of the ∑-ΔA/D converter is to perform signal denoising on the digital signal after the initial conversion.

In general, the ∑-ΔA/D converter has two parts, the analog part and the digital part. The analog part is a sigma-delta modulator, which mainly causes the signal after sampling by the oversampling technique to pass through the modulator to make the quantization noise distribution. More extensive, and output one bit of data bit stream, the digital part is a digital filter, which denoises the digital output of the analog part, filters out most of the quantization noise, and drops the output of the modulator Frequency to Nyquist frequency and further quantization, and finally get the output.

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