As the application scenario expands, the definition of "automotive" semiconductor products is constantly changing. Exceeding AEC-Q100 level 0 (AEC-Q100 is the automotive integrated circuit stress test standard, level 0 is the highest level, the corresponding temperature range is -40 ° C to 150 ° C) temperature requirements, must still meet the reliability, service life and safety The required semiconductor products have also emerged. What does this super-level requirement mean for complex digital chip designs? How can complex digital chips meet the more stringent requirements of the automotive environment?
Transistors of power or linear analog devices can be made larger, so it is nothing new to meet higher temperature requirements for such products, but the transistor size of logic products is getting smaller and smaller, and digital chips have to be super-level. Ambient temperature requirements are still very challenging. Most industrial grade components pass the 125 ° C test standard, and many automotive grade components pass the 150 ° C test.
Through research on companies such as Delphi, Toyota, and DaimlerChrysler, Wayne Johnson and John Evans said in a paper titled "The Changing Automotive Electronics Environment" in 2004 that the automotive industry will pursue the goal of "connecting to the engine." The tolerant ambient temperature of automotive electronics is higher from grade 0, from 175 °C to 150 °C, and Daimler even requires close to 200 °C.
Automotive electronics system ambient temperature
“Placing the ECU near the engine and gearbox is the design trend, which will make the ECU need to withstand an ambient temperature above 125°C. The cost pressure, reliability requirements (10 years / 241,350 km) and the high cost of field failures (Recalls, legal liability, and customer loyalty) will increase the need for components to withstand higher ambient temperatures."
The above considers the requirements from the system level. However, when the ambient temperature exceeds 150 ° C, the chip itself will encounter many serious problems. A question raised by many people, such as Johnson, is "how much time the chip is in the highest ambient temperature during use". Of course, this is related to the installation location of the device, the installation method, the cooling measures such as air cooling, and the trend of environmental temperature.
Obviously, no manufacturer in the automotive industry is willing to commit to a 10-year warranty. So for digital circuits, can data be stored for ten years at the highest ambient temperature? The industry has spent more than a decade raising the temperature tolerance of automotive-grade digital circuits to 150°C, and automakers now want to raise the index to 175°C or even 190°C as soon as possible.
When the ambient temperature reaches 175 ° C, the data stored in the floating gate flash will quickly fail. In this temperature environment, One Transistor One TIme Programmable Memory (1T-OTP) can be used as a replacement for floating gate flash memory, which is large enough to meet the harsh environment storage control. Code and data requirements.
Sidense privately revealed that it is working with a foundry to verify the 1T-OTP IP that meets the 175°C environment. 1T-OTP memory chip is not easy to support 175 °C ambient temperature in the car, not only through various process angle tests, but also through AEC related tests: Data RetenTion Storage Life (DRSL), high temperature operation High Temperature OperaTIng Life (HTOL), High Temperature Storage (HTS) and TIme-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB).
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