**Basic Knowledge of LED Light Strips**
LED light strips, often referred to simply as "light strips," are a type of lighting solution that uses Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for illumination. The term "LED" is commonly omitted in everyday language due to its length, making the phrase "light strip" more convenient. These strips come in various forms such as old second-line, big three-line, and round two-line types, all designed to replace traditional FPC or PCB-based lighting with more modern, flexible, and durable LED alternatives. They can be either flexible or rigid, depending on the application.
**Structure of LED Light Strips**
The structure of an LED light strip typically falls into two main categories: standard and combined. The standard type follows a series-parallel circuit design, while the combined type, used in illusion or RGB light strips, includes integrated circuits and timing control mechanisms. Most commonly used LED strips are based on a series-parallel configuration. These strips are usually powered by 12V DC and consist of groups of three LEDs connected in series with a resistor, then arranged in parallel across the strip. This design offers several advantages:
- **Voltage Regulation:** Resistors help regulate voltage, ensuring LEDs operate within their rated limits, preventing damage from overvoltage.
- **Current Balancing:** Parallel connections allow current to distribute evenly, reducing stress on individual LEDs and extending their lifespan.
- **Fault Tolerance:** If one section fails, the rest of the strip remains functional, minimizing waste and installation costs.
**Physical Structure of LED Strips**
LED strips vary in width (6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm) and LED size (0603, 0805, 1206, 1210, 5050, 5060). The physical layout of each strip is calculated using the formula:
**(Strip Length - Cut Width × Number of Cuts) / Number of LEDs = LED Pitch**
And:
**Number of LEDs / 3 = Number of Resistors**
**Features of LED Strips**
- Soft and flexible, allowing it to bend freely.
- Can be cut and extended to fit different lengths.
- Fully enclosed in flexible plastic, providing good insulation and waterproofing.
- Resistant to weather conditions.
- Durable and long-lasting.
- Easy to create custom shapes, texts, or graphics. Widely used in construction, bridges, gardens, furniture, vehicles, and more.
**How LED Strips Work**
Each segment of the LED strip acts as a unit, containing a fixed number of LEDs and current-limiting resistors. When cut, the segment stops working. Each unit is connected in parallel and operates under the supply voltage (e.g., 12V, 24V, 5V). Proper polarity must be maintained when connecting the power source.
**Installation Methods**
- **Indoor Installation:** Most LED strips come with 3M adhesive backing, making them easy to stick to surfaces. For corners or longer sections, the strip can be cut at marked points.
- **Outdoor Installation:** Due to exposure to wind and rain, outdoor installations often use clips or brackets instead of adhesives. Waterproof glue should be applied at joints.
- **Power Connection:** A switching power supply is required for 12V DC operation. Multiple strips can be connected in parallel for centralized control.
- **Controller Connection:** For RGB or color-changing strips, a controller is necessary. Control range varies between 10–30 meters, depending on the model.
- **Connection Distance:** 3528 series can go up to 20 meters, while 5050 series should not exceed 15 meters to avoid overheating and reduced lifespan.
**Installation Tips**
- Never power on unopened or stacked LED strips.
- Only cut at marked positions to ensure proper lighting.
- Expose wires carefully and connect securely to avoid short circuits.
- Only connect LEDs with the same specifications and voltage.
- Test each connection after installation to check polarity and light direction.
- Always cover the end of the strip with a PVC plug and seal with glue for safety.
- Ensure correct polarity when using AC/DC adapters before final installation.
LED light strips offer a versatile, efficient, and long-lasting lighting solution suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. With proper installation and maintenance, they can provide years of reliable performance.
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