Currently, the high-frequency head has been localized in China, with numerous manufacturers involved. However, there is no unified standard, and the quality of these devices varies significantly. Some newer C-heads are still being used following traditional methods, which may not ensure proper operation. As a result, digital machines often experience various abnormal phenomena. While some of these issues might not be considered true faults, they can be attributed to design or calibration flaws in the C-head. These problems can sometimes cause inconvenience during use, and without proper understanding, the installation and tuning of the antenna feeder system may become unnecessarily complicated.
One common issue is "local oscillator drift." This phenomenon typically manifests when a digital machine fails to receive a signal at the standard downlink frequency provided by the program operator, or if it does receive the signal, the displayed "signal quality" value is extremely low. Adjusting the antenna feeder system repeatedly doesn’t improve this situation. In some cases, even with the blind scan function enabled, the machine can detect the program, but the downlink frequency shown is clearly different from the expected one. To fix this, the local oscillator adjustment screw on the C-head can be fine-tuned, or the local oscillator frequency or downlink frequency settings in the digital machine can be adjusted accordingly.
Another frequent problem is the "reverse polarization" phenomenon. Most dual-polarized C-heads have horizontally polarized pins aligned parallel to the isolating pins, while vertically polarized pins are perpendicular to them. When installing a C-head, users typically set the polarization angle based on the pin arrangement. However, some C-heads have the opposite configuration. If installed conventionally, this can lead to weak or no signal reception. To resolve this, simply changing the installation orientation or adjusting the polarization mode in the digital machine can align the actual polarization with what the machine expects.
A third common issue is that the system can only receive horizontally polarized signals. This is often due to a fault in the digital machine’s polarization voltage generation and switching circuit. It's important to distinguish between a faulty C-head and a problem in the digital machine itself. When the power is turned on and the polarization mode is switched, if the digital machine outputs a normal 13/18V voltage at the IF input terminal, then the issue likely lies with the C-head. The C-head contains two separate low-noise amplifiers for horizontal and vertical polarization signals. These circuits operate independently, and the polarization switch controls which one is active. Normally, the switching voltage is around 14.5V. If the C-head’s internal switch is set too low, the digital machine will only receive the horizontal polarization signal. To fix this, rectifier diodes can be added in series on the power supply line of the C-head, which reduces the output voltage slightly, allowing the vertical polarization signal to be received properly. The number of diodes used depends on the specific test conditions.
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