A flexible display, also known as a rollable display, is a bendable display device constructed of a flexible flexible panel made of a flexible material. Flexible displays are one of the hottest trends in display technology. Although it has not yet been popularized, it is foreseeable that scroll-type PDAs or e-book readers are no longer far away, and large-format wall-mounted flexible displays will soon become a reality.
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Structural features of flexible displays
Although several flexible display panel production technologies have their own characteristics, there are some similarities. For example, they all need to bond a flexible substrate on a rigid and flat hard base, and then layer on the flexible substrate. The electronic components and various panels are fabricated and placed, and the completed flexible display panel is removed from the base after the wiring is connected. This is done because the position and flatness of the flexible substrate need to be accurately fixed during the fabrication of the fine display component, and the error can only be calculated in micrometers so that the electronic components are not misaligned.
Technical problems of flexible displays
(1) The flatness of flexible substrates (including plastics) is usually worse than that of glass substrates, and protrusions on the surface of the substrate may cause defects in the structure of the film, causing damage to the device.
(2) Most flexible substrates have a very low melting point and are deformed or even melted when subjected to the high temperature process currently used to make glass substrate display products.
(3) Flexible displays are sensitive to water vapor and oxygen, and most flexible substrates do not have sufficient capacity to adequately block external impurities and gases, which will greatly affect their luminescence properties.
Basic solution for making flexible displays
A flexible glass composed of a modified polymer which has a certain temperature resistance range and a smooth surface, and is a substance synthesized from an inorganic layer and an organic layer.
Although glass has a wide range of reaction with temperature and chemicals, its hardness is large, and it can be thinned and treated with a surface covering polymer to improve mechanical strength and flexibility.
At present, there are also related studies on a-Si substrate materials. The market demand for flexible substrates is rapidly expanding, and some companies have developed alternative materials for polyimide (PET) plastics. In May of this year, Kyocera Chemical succeeded in the replacement of a polyimide film made of glass fiber. On this film, copper foil was attached to form a copper-clad laminate, which was sold to manufacturers of flexible substrates.
Development prospects of flexible displays
2007 should be called the flexible display breakthrough year, as the first fully flexible display will be brought to market. Although it can only be bought in Italy, it will wait until the end of the year, but the upcoming curling e-book "Readius" by Polymer Vision and Telecom Italia is very exciting.
Because the flexible display has the advantages of convenient carrying, light weight, and unbreakable, it has attracted a lot of capital and research manpower investment in recent years. The main technical challenge today is the fabrication of flexible thin film electro-crystalline substrates.
Plastic Logic raised $100 million in the beginning of this year to build a plant in Germany, specializing in the production of flexible thin film electro-crystalline substrates. The Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan is also actively developing in recent years.
Flexible display technology can be divided into electrophoretic display (Electrophoretic), organic light emitting diode (OLED), liquid crystal (LC) display, and electrochromic display (Electrochromic). The aforementioned curlable e-book "Readius" is the application of E-Ink's electrophoretic display technology.
At the SID conference just held in May this year, the flexible display exhibits were very eye-catching. The E-Ink booth showcases curlable e-books; the Bridgestone booth showcases curlable electronic paper; and Sony and LG Philips LCD show flexible OLED displays, respectively. Taiwan's Yuantai Technology (PVI) announced that it will mass produce flexible displays at the end of the year in response to market demand.
iSuppli is very optimistic about the flexible display market. We predict that the flexible display market is about to take off - from the rapid rise of $5 million in 2007 to a huge industry of $300 million by 2013.
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