Although the heat of the “Internet of Things†has cooled down, the stage of pragmatic innovation with enterprises as the main body is quietly coming. The Internet of Things operating system is the commanding height of the ICT industry development. The mature Internet of Things operating system is still blank, and it presents two technical routes: one is the addition path represented by Contiki and TinyOS; the other is the subtraction path represented by iOS and Andriod. The IoT operating systems of different technical routes have not yet formed a monopoly. Chinese manufacturers should seize the opportunity, lay out the layout as soon as possible, establish the path direction, focus on solving the three major problems of patent, security and industrial ecology, and effectively improve the international voice of the Internet of Things operating system in China. Industrial competitiveness.
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Although the heat of the “Internet of Things†has cooled down, the stage of pragmatic innovation with enterprises as the main body is quietly coming. The Internet of Things operating system is the commanding height of the ICT industry development. The mature Internet of Things operating system is still blank, and it presents two technical routes: one is the addition path represented by Contiki and TinyOS; the other is the subtraction path represented by iOS and Andriod. The IoT operating systems of different technical routes have not yet formed a monopoly. Chinese manufacturers should seize the opportunity, lay out the layout as soon as possible, establish the path direction, focus on solving the three major problems of patent, security and industrial ecology, and effectively improve the international voice of the Internet of Things operating system in China. Industrial competitiveness.
The connotation and type of Internet of Things operating system
Because IoT access devices require smaller size, lower power consumption, security, reliability, and communication and networking capabilities, the operating system running above can support better low-power technologies and rich interconnect technologies. The concept of "Internet of Things Operating System".
We believe that the IoT operating system specifically refers to IoT devices and has the characteristics of IoT applications, providing users and developers with system software that uses interfaces uniformly. The operating system is the interface between hardware and users. Traditionally, the operating system is divided into three categories: server operating system, desktop operating system and embedded operating system. The server operating system is the interface between the server and the user. The desktop operating system is the interface between the personal computer and the user, and the embedded operating system is the interface between the embedded hardware platform and the user. In recent years, with the development of technology, hardware devices have become more and more diversified, operating system classification has been subdivided, and mobile operating systems Android and iOS for smart terminals have appeared.
The diversification of hardware devices and application scenarios in the Internet of Things field often requires the integration of multiple operating systems. For example, in smart home applications, hardware devices from cloud high-performance servers to smart light bulbs that contain only simple processing logic, often contain multiple operating systems in the same IoT application scenario, including the main operating systems. The name corresponds to the hardware device, computing platform, and operating system type.
According to the different types of IoT operating systems, we use the CPU computing power (characterized by running frequency) as the horizontal axis and the corresponding application scenario requirements (characterized by operating system functional characteristics) as a vertical axis to classify the operating system, such as figure 1. The upper right corner of the figure belongs to a general-purpose operating system represented by desktop and service operating systems. This type of operating system runs on a high-performance Intel processor and supports the most abundant operating system functions. Conversely, Contiki and TinyOS are in the lower left corner. As the representative of the sensor network operating system, this type of operating system does not support the graphical interface, only a few KB of memory can run. In the middle is a mobile operating system represented by Android and iOS, and the functions and performances are also involved in the above two.
As an emerging application field, the Internet of Things (IoT) has limited resources, a large number of interconnection protocols between devices, and a large range of device specifications. This has placed new demands on the embedded operating system, requiring the system to occupy relatively few resources. Low operating power consumption; at the same time, it requires support for multiple IoT interconnection protocols and supports key technical features such as kernel scalability. It is located in a relatively blank area in the lower left corner of the figure (shaded in the figure), which is the application range of the Internet of Things operating system.
Technical route of the Internet of Things operating system
Since the existing operating system is difficult to fully match the requirements of the Internet of Things application, there are two technical routes to fill in the blank area in Figure 1. One is based on an operating system such as Android for tailoring and customization to adapt to the needs of IoT access devices (see Figure 1 in Technical Route 1); another technical route is based on traditional embedded operating systems and real-time operating systems. By adding functions such as device networking to meet the interconnection requirements of IoT access devices, a new embedded operating system is formed (see Technical Route 2 in Figure 1).
Tailoring and customizing based on operating systems such as Android
The advantage of the first technical route is to maintain the commercial ecosystem of the original operating system based on the consistency of the underlying technical architecture, thereby reducing the market entry cost. The disadvantage is that it has to take into account multiple application scenarios. It is difficult to guarantee the optimization of the underlying application, including power optimization and reliability optimization. It is also difficult to ensure that the operating system running on the high-frequency processor can be operated by cutting. On low-frequency and lower-frequency microcontrollers. The major foreign companies currently adopting this technical route include:
Microsoft: Microsoft's original product line includes server operating system (Windows Server series), desktop operating system (WindowsXP, Windows7\Windows8), embedded operating system (WindowsCE\WindowsPhone). Microsoft's recent strategic direction is to unify the product line, providing a full-range operating system architecture in Windows 10, including WindowsiotCores. For systems that use a large number of low-frequency applications, Microsoft's IoT operating system still appears to be too expensive.
Google: The original product line includes the mobile operating system (Android). Through appropriate customization tailoring, Google launched the AndroidWear operating system for wearable devices, AndroidAuto for smart cars. And this year, Google has launched AndroidBrillo, which only has the lowest level of Android features for Internet of Things applications. At the same time, because Google has adopted an open source way to release operating systems, there are a large number of third-party vendors that use Android systems to apply them to smart TVs, set-top boxes, routers and other fields.
Apple: The original product line includes desktop operating system (MacOS) and mobile operating system (iOS). With its product layout in the field of intelligent hardware, the wearable device operating system for AppleWatch was developed based on iOS system. At the same time, Apple is dominated by iOS, integrating hardware vendors with HomeKit smart home platform, and the HomeKit platform as an interconnection framework is open to intelligent hardware vendors.
Add device networking based on traditional embedded operating systems and real-time operating systems
The advantage of the second technical route is that the original single-chip operating system is developed for resource-constrained hardware platforms, and the power consumption and reliability are significantly stronger than the above-mentioned "big operating system". Power consumption can be ensured by appropriately adding functions. Performance meets application needs. The main problem is how to build a new ecosystem around the operating system and increase market share. Foreign manufacturers and research institutions of this technical route include:
Sensor Seat,Seat Pressure Sensor,Baby Car Seat Sensor,Car Seat Weight Sensor
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