Kostas Mellos, head of video and transmission at Interlogix, noted that while megapixel cameras are gaining popularity rapidly, analog cameras still hold an advantage in terms of lighting performance. David Lambert, marketing director at Ray Lam, explained that webcams require proper illumination to ensure high-quality images at night, which helps reduce bandwidth usage and storage needs while maintaining faster frame rates. Adequate lighting can significantly minimize image noise and improve the efficiency of video compression and transmission.
Each camera type has unique lighting requirements. For instance, Lambert uses infrared light for video surveillance, white light with front-end detection equipment to identify potential hazards, and navigational lighting in hazardous areas. He also mentioned that many projects rely on traditional street lighting for security purposes, allowing color imaging. However, a well-designed lighting solution can greatly enhance the effectiveness of the entire video surveillance system.
When designing lighting systems, several factors must be considered. Under infrared and white light conditions, Lambert emphasized the importance of distance and angle—typically two illumination units per kilometer, with angles ranging from 10 to 120 degrees. In normal lighting conditions, the following aspects are usually evaluated:
1. What is the purpose or application? This includes identifying the direction of coverage and installation height. For example, long, narrow roads in a large park may require different lighting than aesthetic architectural elements.
2. Are there specific lighting requirements from the customer or industry standards? Considerations include average illumination, minimum illumination, consistency, diversity, and whether the lighting should be horizontal or vertical.
3. Are there other scene-specific requirements? Installation height, obstacles, tree barriers, or walls must all be taken into account. Also, should the lighting be compatible with existing illumination sources?
Selecting the right lighting for your project is crucial. Key factors to consider include distance, angle, energy consumption, power input, maintenance, color accuracy, security, ease of installation, and technical support. Suppliers can assist in choosing products that best meet your specific distance and angle needs.
ALPR (Automatic License Plate Recognition) systems have special lighting demands. Lambert explained that these cameras often use a fast shutter speed, such as 1/1000 second, to avoid motion blur. The light reaching the sensor is only 1/20th of what it would be with a slower shutter, like 1/50. Therefore, additional illumination is necessary to optimize nighttime and cloudy weather performance.
Pulsed illumination systems allow LEDs to emit two to three times more light than standard illumination. Since the camera shutter remains open for a shorter time, the average temperature is reduced, extending the lifespan of the LED.
LED technology has been around for some time, but its growing adoption highlights the need for energy-efficient solutions. Compared to traditional lighting, LEDs consume less power, last longer, and emit less heat. In monitoring applications, this reduces operational costs and simplifies maintenance. For example, hospitals using 100 LED bulbs can save up to $72,000 annually.
However, the lifespan of LEDs should not be judged solely by specification sheets. While LEDs are generally considered long-lasting, their actual life depends on proper operation, particularly temperature control. Warranty terms also reflect a manufacturer’s confidence in the product.
In the context of global warming, many shopping malls and parking lots dim lights after certain hours in the evening. Light pollution is another concern, as excessive lighting can negatively impact quality of life and health.
John Huang, R&D deputy manager at Camdeor Technology, noted that there are various options for infrared lighting. Before comparing specifications, it's essential to first determine the intended application. Most security cameras today use standard lenses, which can affect image quality.
Lighting design varies depending on the application. The performance of IR lenses is typically evaluated through the camera's image capture, leaving little guidance on lens selection. However, the British Standards Board recently raised concerns about using gun-style devices for remote monitoring. Cameras with integrated LEDs at the lens tend to generate more heat, attracting insects like spiders, leading to maintenance issues and false alarms.
Stand-alone LED lighting systems often include thermal management features, helping users meet lighting standards and enabling quicker police response. Safety is a critical aspect of any security device, and potential threats must be assessed. Human eyes are highly sensitive, and concentrated beams can cause permanent damage. Although revised standards like EN60825 and IEC60855-1:2001 have removed some LED restrictions, some standards still reference older guidelines.
According to EN/IEC60825-1:2001, certain laser or LED devices are considered harmless under normal conditions. Class 1M lasers or LEDs are safe for the naked eye unless focused through optics. A warning: never look directly at a focused beam with the naked eye.
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