Kostas Mellos, head of video and transmission at Interlogix, noted that while megapixel cameras are gaining popularity rapidly, analog cameras still hold an advantage in terms of lighting performance. David Lambert, marketing director at Ray Lam, explained that webcams require proper illumination to deliver high-quality images at night, which helps reduce bandwidth usage and storage needs while maintaining fast frame rates. Adequate lighting can significantly lower image noise and improve the efficiency of video compression and transmission.
Each camera has unique lighting requirements. For instance, Lambert uses infrared lighting for video surveillance, white light with front-end detection equipment to identify potential hazards, and navigational lighting in hazardous areas. According to Lambert, many projects use traditional street lighting for security purposes, enabling color imaging. However, a well-designed lighting solution can greatly enhance the overall effectiveness of a video surveillance system.
When designing a lighting system, several factors must be considered. Under infrared and white light conditions, the camera monitors the vertical projection surface, requiring careful attention to distance and angle—typically two illumination units per kilometer, with angles ranging from 10 to 120 degrees. In normal lighting conditions, the following points are usually evaluated:
1. What is the purpose or application? This includes determining the direction of the lighting, installation height, and other environmental factors. For example, long, narrow roads in a park may require different lighting than aesthetic architectural features.
2. Are there specific lighting requirements from the customer or industry standards? Considerations include average illumination, minimum illumination, consistency between minimum and average, diversity between minimum and maximum, and whether the lighting is horizontal or vertical.
3. Are there additional scene-specific requirements? Installation height is crucial, as is information about obstacles, tree barriers, or walls. Should the lighting be compatible with existing systems?
Selecting the right lighting is critical. Key factors to consider include distance, angle, energy consumption, power input, maintenance, color accuracy, security, ease of installation, and technical support. Suppliers can assist security experts in choosing products that best meet the project’s distance and angle requirements.
ALPR (Automatic License Plate Recognition) systems have specific lighting needs. “A license plate recognition camera typically has a fast shutter speed, like 1/1000 second, to avoid motion blur,†Lambert said. “The light reaching the sensor is 20 times less than with a slower shutter, such as 1/50.†These cameras require additional illumination to optimize nighttime and cloudy weather performance.
Pulsed illumination systems allow LEDs to emit two to three times more light than standard illumination. Since the camera shutter remains open for a shorter time, the average temperature is reduced, extending the lifespan of the pulsed LED.
Lighting technology has evolved over time, and the rise of LEDs highlights the growing need for energy efficiency. Compared to traditional lighting, LEDs consume less power, last longer, and produce less heat. In monitoring applications, LEDs can cut operating costs and simplify maintenance. For example, hospitals using 100 such bulbs can save up to $72,000 annually.
However, the lifespan of LEDs should not be judged solely by specifications. While LEDs are generally considered long-lasting, their longevity depends on proper operation. The lifespan of LEDs is directly related to their operating temperature. Warranty terms also reflect a manufacturer's confidence in their product.
In the context of global warming, some shopping malls and parking lots dim their lights after a certain time in the evening. Light pollution is another important issue; excessive lighting can affect quality of life and even cause health problems.
John Huang, deputy manager of R&D at Camdeor Technology, pointed out that there are various options for infrared lighting. Before comparing specifications, it's essential to first determine the intended application. Additionally, most security cameras now use standard lenses, which can impact image quality.
Lighting design varies depending on the application. The performance of IR lenses is typically evaluated based on the camera's image capture, so there is limited guidance on selecting IR lenses. However, the British Standards Board recently raised concerns about the suitability of certain designs for remote monitoring.
Cameras with integrated LEDs at the lens tend to generate more heat, attracting insects like spiders, leading to maintenance issues and false alarms. Stand-alone LED lighting systems often include thermal management solutions, helping users meet lighting standards and enabling faster emergency responses. Safety is a key consideration for any security device, and potential risks should be assessed.
The human eye is highly sensitive, and concentrated beams can cause permanent damage. Although revised standards like EN60825 and IEC60855-1:2001 have removed some LED classifications, certain standards still apply. According to EN/IEC60825-1:2001, Class 1M laser/LED devices are safe for the naked eye under normal conditions. However, direct viewing through optics is not recommended.
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