An electronic ballast can be considered as a power source that operates at high frequencies and is used in the power supply of fluorescent discharge lamps. Because the electronic ballast mainly has a wide adaptability voltage; the PFC circuit can be conveniently designed to reduce the harmonic pollution of the power grid and improve the energy efficiency ratio; adding the preheating circuit can prolong the life of the lamp; Such as lamp leakage, etc.) to protect the circuit, improve the reliability of the electronic ballast; in addition to the dimming control circuit, through the PWM (PFM) for the advantages of fluorescent lighting adjustment, so the current amount is large. However, through the spot check of the luminaire, it was found that its electromagnetic compatibility performance, especially the power terminal disturbance voltage was unqualified, and it was as high as 67.5% of the total number of samples.
The disturbance voltage is the voltage caused by electromagnetic disturbance between two points on two separate conductors measured under specified conditions. Now electronic ballasts can basically meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility through EMI filter circuit and passive power factor correction (PPFC) or active power factor correction (PPFC), and there is no technical problem. The following is not a subjective failure to reduce costs, etc., mainly due to unqualified problems in design and testing.
2 Standards and contents of electronic ballast disturbance voltage detection
The standards for electronic ballast disturbance voltage detection are mainly GB17743-1999 "Limitations and Measurement Methods for Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Electrical Lighting and Similar Equipment". The relevant standards are as follows: 4.5 Disturbance Voltage 4.5.1 Power Terminal Frequency Range is See 9 kHz to 30 MHz power terminal disturbance voltage limits.
4.5.2 Load and control terminals See the disturbance voltage limits for load and control terminals in the frequency range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz.
At the switching frequency, the lower limit is applied.
In the frequency range of 9 kHz to 150 kHz, the limit is a tentative value and is modified after several years of experience.
In the range of 50 kHz to 150 kHz and 150 kHz to 0.5 MHz, the limit linearly decreases as the logarithm of the frequency increases.
Note: In Japan, the frequency range of 9 kHz to 150 kHz is not applicable, and the frequency is between 2.51 MHz and 3 MHz and the quasi-peak limit of 56 dBpV and the average limit of 46 dBpV apply.
Load and terminal disturbance voltage limit limits, dBuv frequency range, MHz quasi-peak average 0.15 to 0.50 0.50 to 30 80 74 70 64 At the switching frequency, the lower limit is applied.
The disturbance voltage should be measured as shown in the line associated with the device under test (Figure 1). The unit should be placed on a 12 mm ± 2 mm thick insulation material with the installed bulb and placed on a metal plate that is slightly larger than the insulation plate. The plate should be connected to the reference ground of the v-type network. If the device provides a ground terminal, the ground terminal is also connected to that reference ground.
Independent ballast test arrangements for fluorescent lamps and other gas discharge lamps can be seen from the above, all of which are free-standing ballasts with an insulating material (IP) on top of the metal sheet (MP).
The above criteria have no emission requirements for components intended to be installed in the luminaire. However, most tubular fluorescent electronic ballasts using traditional double-ended fluorescent lamps and single-ended fluorescent lamps are not only installed in lamps of different manufacturers, but also installed in different types of lamps of the same manufacturing plant. This raises the question of whether it is possible to design a test luminaire in which the tested ballast is installed in the worst case. In this case, the test luminaire meets the relevant requirements, then all the luminaires of the built-in special ballast are in compliance. Requirements (in the actual spot check, most of the lamps are used), a large number of redundant tests can be avoided.
However, this is not operational, because: First, the luminaires in harsh conditions are too strict. In actual tests, commercial ballasts cannot pass certain tests in the worst-case luminaires, but in actual luminaires. Passed; Second, even if the ballast passed the test in the rigorous luminaire, one problem left is the responsibility of the ballast in the actual luminaire that does not meet the standard. In order to solve the above problems and make the test results consistent, CISPR30: 2001 "Test method on electromagnetic emissions from electronic ballasts for single-and double-capped fluorescent lamps" is currently used internationally. Mainly related to electronic ballasts for single-ended and double-ended fluorescent lamps, as shown.
3 example analysis
In order to understand the actual situation, that is, when the two standards are tested separately, whether the results are regular or not, a verification experiment is performed. As shown below, and A product according to GB17743 test layout and test data, respectively, and A product according to CISPR30 test layout and test data. It can be seen from the comparison between the two groups that it is nearly 20dB higher than the average, that is, the data tested according to GB17743 is higher than the value according to CISPR30, but the judgment is all qualified. And the scan curves and data of the B products tested according to GB17743, and the scan curves and data of the B products tested according to CISPR30. It can be seen from the comparison between the two groups that it is nearly 10 dB lower than the general one, that is, the data tested according to GB17743 is lower than the value according to CISPR30, but the judgment is unqualified. The two products A and B not only have different results under different arrangements, but the overall judgment is also reversed.
Frequency(MHz)QP Level(dBuV)Delta Limit(dB)Phase PE 0.44500 59.3
2.2 N gnd 0.73500 60.0 4.1 N gnd 0.93000 59.9 3.9 L1 gnd 1.52000 58.6 2.6 N gnd 3.32500 56.5
0.5 N gnd 4.01000 56.4
0.4 L1 gnd 6.64500 49.5 -10.4 N gnd 18.05500 51.1 -8.8 N gnd 18.92500 52.0 -7.9 N gnd 0.24500 48.7 -3.3 N gnd 0.44500 48.1
1.1 N gnd 0.54000 48.2 2.2 N gnd 1.03000 48.0
2.0 N gnd 1.61500 46.4
0.4 N gnd
0.24500 64.7
2.6 N gnd 0.44000 66.4
9.2 L1 gnd 0.73500 66.4 10.4 N gnd 0.93000 66.3 10.3 N gnd 0.51500 65.2
9.2 L1 gnd 3.41500 63.5
7.5 N gnd 3.99500 63.0
7.0 L1 gnd 15.68500 61.9
1.9 N gnd 0.25000 53.3
1.4 N gnd 0.44500 53.7
6.7 N gnd 0.73500 54.5
8.5 N gnd 0.93000 54.4
8.4 N gnd 1.71500 53.5
7.5 N gnd 2.83500 50.6
4.6 N gnd 4.20000 47.4
1.4 N gnd
4 suggestions
Through the above analysis and comparison, it can be seen that with the structure and device of the product, there is no regularity indicating which of the two test arrangements is higher. In order to ensure the quality of the products, the following suggestions are given, hoping to help the enterprise: (1) GB17743 is a national standard for enforcement, and must also comply with the lighting fixtures in the 3C certification, and the corresponding EN55015 is also The EU's harmonized standards must be met first.
(2) CISPR30 is a technical report formulated to solve the current non-independent ballasts and other electronic ballasts without clear test methods. However, customers in some countries have specified that they must meet this requirement. Currently, the standard is being prepared to be translated into a recommended national standard.
(3) For enterprises that specialize in ballasts, it is best to be able to do both standards to ensure that their products are qualified.
(4) The electronic ballast is installed in the luminaire, and the electromagnetic compatibility test of the entire luminaire cannot be exempted regardless of whether it meets the standard requirements.
5 Conclusion
In summary, for the disturbance voltage test of single-ended and double-ended fluorescent electronic ballasts, reference can be made to the CISPR30 method (which is being converted into a national standard), but after being matched as a luminaire, it must be tested in accordance with the provisions of GB17743.
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