With the advancement of power electronics and new permanent magnet materials, DC motors have become widely used in various applications due to their excellent linearity and controllability, especially in variable speed motion control and closed-loop servo systems. These systems are commonly found in robotics, precision machinery, automotive electronics, and household appliances. Their widespread use highlights their importance in both industrial and consumer sectors.
Currently, the digitization of DC motor control has become a mainstream trend. High-performance control algorithms are typically implemented using microcontroller units (MCUs) or digital signal processors (DSPs). The emergence of high-speed, multi-functional DSPs has enabled more complex control strategies to be applied to DC motors. In this paper, the TMS320F28335 is used as the main controller, while IRF530 serves as the driver transistor and IR2110 acts as the gate driver. This H-bridge-based control system has demonstrated good performance and holds significant practical value.
**1. DC Motor Drive Principle**
There are several driving methods for DC motors. Commonly used driver ICs include the 33886, L298N, and TB6539, all of which operate based on the H-bridge configuration. For high-power applications, it may be necessary to build an H-bridge using discrete components. An H-bridge allows for four-quadrant operation of the motor, enabling both forward and reverse rotation, as well as regenerative braking.
The basic topology of an H-bridge consists of four switching devices—K1, K2, K3, and K4. K1 and K4 form one pair, while K2 and K3 form another. These pairs operate in complementary states. When K1 and K4 are turned on and K2 and K3 are off, the motor receives a forward voltage and rotates in the forward direction. Conversely, when K2 and K3 are on and K1 and K4 are off, the motor experiences a reverse voltage and rotates backward. In real-world applications, the motor can transition between the four quadrants, offering flexible control.
To protect the switching elements from voltage spikes caused by inductive loads, four freewheeling diodes (D1–D4) are included in the circuit.
**2. Hardware Circuit Design**
The overall hardware design concept involves using PWM signals to control the switches (K1, K4 and K2, K3) in the H-bridge. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM waveform, the voltage applied to the motor can be varied, allowing for precise speed control.
**2.1 Selection of Switching Components**
Switching components can be either bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) or field-effect transistors (FETs). Power FETs, particularly N-channel enhancement-type MOSFETs, are preferred due to their high input impedance, fast switching speed, and robustness against secondary breakdown. In this design, four IRF530 MOSFETs from Infineon are used. Each has a drain current rating of 14A, can withstand a peak pulsed current of 49A, and operates at a maximum voltage of 100V. With an on-resistance of less than 0.16Ω, they meet the requirements for efficient and reliable motor driving.
**2.2 Selection of MOSFET Gate Driver**
Infineon offers several bridge driver ICs, with the IR2110 being a popular choice. This monolithic integrated driver is designed for dual-channel, high-voltage, and high-speed power devices. It uses advanced level-shifting technology to simplify the interface between the logic control circuit and the power stage, improving system reliability. The upper switch is powered via an external bootstrap capacitor, reducing the need for additional power supplies. In this design, the IR2110 is used as the gate driver to control the IRF530 MOSFETs efficiently.
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