As a new technology for fast, real-time and accurate information collection and processing, radio frequency identification technology (Radio Frequency IdenTIficaTIon, hereinafter referred to as RFID) uses radio frequency signals to automatically identify static or target objects, obtain data, and operate quickly and easily. , Logistics and transportation are widely used, and further become an important technical means for enterprises to improve the logistics supply chain management level, reduce costs, enterprise management informationization and participate in the international economic cycle.
As a radio control, detection and tracking system, there are only two basic RFID devices, namely an interrogator (or reader) and several transponders (or tags). According to different operating frequencies, RFID has low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency and microwave frequency bands; according to different energy methods, RFID mainly has two types: passive and active. Passive RFID has a short reading and writing distance, but it is inexpensive and has good security; active RFID has a long reading and writing distance, but requires a battery, and has a high cost. In air transportation operations, the safety of its power supply must be especially considered.
This article explores an application scheme of RFID in green air transportation.
Current problems and demand for RFID applications
In April 2011, the Civil Aviation Administration of China promulgated the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Implementation of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Work" [1], in accordance with the requirements of the civil aviation power strategy, to ensure the continuous and safe development of civil aviation, save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and strengthen refinement Management and scientific and technological innovation, strive to reduce the cost of energy saving and emission reduction, and achieve the energy consumption and emission targets of China's civil aviation unit output by 2020 to reach the level of aviation developed countries.
"Opinions" pointed out that to achieve the above goals, we must focus on strengthening the main business of airlines to save energy and reduce emissions. Airlines should change operation management to a refined management model that aims at energy saving and efficiency enhancement, vigorously promote the application of fuel-saving technologies and measures involving the entire process of flight operations, and strengthen the application of theoretical research and technology promotion of energy-saving emission reduction and replacement technologies .
The transport aircraft is usually a large aircraft driven by multiple engines. The take-off phase is not only directly related to flight safety, but also has a significant impact on noise and emissions. In order to meet the environmental protection goals under the safety requirements and reduce the cost of engine use, further research on the optimization of engine take-off power is needed.
For example, according to the actual flight operation conditions, that is, calculations based on the conditions of the airport runway, atmospheric environment, and commercial load, the flight performance can still meet the obstacle clearance for departure, which can appropriately reduce the take-off thrust and extend the service life of the engine. The effect of reducing noise and emissions.
Similarly, in the climb process, through the optimized control of flight performance, the economic climb target under the condition of lower power is achieved.
In the above optimization management, the calculation of the center of gravity and precise control become a key element.
At present, flight personnel mainly manage the center of gravity and balance of the aircraft based on the manifest data provided by the ground operations department. For the airport ground staff, the workload is heavy and the control accuracy is difficult to guarantee; at the same time, because of the possibility of human error, data errors are common.
The main danger of errors in the aircraft's center of gravity data, including errors in the use of flight crew data, is that the optimal takeoff and climb performance cannot be calculated correctly, resulting in uneconomical engine operation; in severe cases, the takeoff attitude is abnormal, causing accidental collision between the aircraft and the ground Or even serious accidents such as rushing out of the runway.
If RFID technology is used to automatically monitor the actual commercial load of the aircraft and dynamically evaluate the balance and the configuration of passenger and cargo, it can provide a new defense method for preventing accidents and provide a reliable commercial load management basis for daily flight.
RFID airworthiness
As early as during World War II, the Allied forces used radio data technology to identify the aircraft and warships of both the enemy and us. This may be the earliest application of RFID technology. With the continuous popularization of electronic technology, Western European countries took the lead in applying RFID technology to civilian fields such as highway toll collection. Nowadays, the RFID technology of western developed countries mainly involves the fields of production automation, access control, highway toll collection, parking lot management, identity recognition and cargo tracking, and the scope of new applications is constantly expanding.
In China, RFID is also widely used in many fields, such as logistics, tobacco, medicine, ID cards, Olympic tickets and pet management. In June 2006, China released the "White Paper on China's RFID Technology Policy" [2], marking the development of RFID into the national industrial development strategy. As many as hundreds of RFID-related companies in China have formed a relatively complete RFID industry chain from label and equipment manufacturing to software development and integration, and will show a trend of rapid development in the next few years.
Shanghai listed RFID technology as a key support project for the key industrial technology industrialization projects in the information industry, including RFID chips, RFID readers, and RFID standard formulation. Shanghai has a national-level RFID industrial base, postal and truck logistics management, hazardous chemical management, library and electronic non-stop toll collection and other urban construction projects are the focus of recent attention. In 2010, the introduction of the World Expo and the "Road Freight (Logistics) Integration in the Yangtze River Delta Region" [3] enabled the continuous application of RFID technology.
Although RFID has just entered the field of civil aviation transportation, its application schemes are on the rise, and it is in the ascendant. More mature applications include self-boarding, electronic monitoring of the site, and information management of aviation logistics. Especially worth our attention is the electronic information label Application in civil aviation transportation system.
In 2009, the China Institute of Aeronautical Radio Electronics began to explore the application results of electronic tags in the field of air transportation to solve the dynamic positioning of accurate passenger, baggage and cargo information, thereby achieving high-precision control of aircraft commercial weight and space The rational configuration of the system ensures the reliability of the calculation of the center of gravity and enhances the practical value of optimized management, thereby making a unique and substantial contribution to the greening of air transportation.
In 2009, the driving force for the launch of RFID technology engineering exploration by the China Institute of Aeronautical Radio Electronics came from September 2008. On the basis of extensively soliciting opinions, on September 22, 2008, the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States published an advisory circular AC 20-162 [4] on the aviation application of RFID technology, which opened the permitted passage for the RFID application of airborne systems. Green light.
AC-162 is suitable for passive and low-consumption electronic label systems. Some passive systems use batteries on the chip driver. Such "semi-passive systems" require airworthiness verification according to active systems.
Our inquiry into airworthiness involves the verification of the integrity, accuracy and authenticity of RFID system security and identification data. These issues include fire and electrical safety, destructive safety and safety verification related to environmental conditions. In terms of electromagnetic compatibility, it is important to consider that RFID cannot generate harmful interference or be interfered by other systems. According to public reports, Airbus has also begun to carry out RFID application research on loading and transportation systems. Its main work is to install RFID devices on containers or container racks to test the function and performance of RFID in actual operation.
Some airlines have begun to configure membership cards with RFID chips for frequent travelers, and the use of electronic tags to manage luggage and cargo is also in the process.
In short, with the continuous deepening of airport information construction, especially the automation of the departure process, the automatic collection of passenger and cargo related information through RFID is becoming a reality today.
solution
In 2010, the China Institute of Aeronautical Radio Electronics has proposed a technical solution for an automated loading and balancing system based on the application of RFID technology on the basis of systematic advance research. In the same year, it applied for a national invention patent [5]. In 2011, on the basis of this national invention patent, the China Institute of Aeronautical Radio Electronics was studying how to build an automated airport information processing system based on air-ground information interaction.
The difference from other existing systems is that our system not only supports the efficient and automated loading of the ground preparation stage, but also directly supports the aircraft commercial weight and center data required for the accurate optimization calculation of the airborne flight management system. As a result, it provides optimized operational support for flight, airport coordination and air traffic management personnel.
The system configuration is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 System configuration
The system consists of: airport check-in system, air-ground data link, RFID stowage workstation and airborne flight management system.
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