Soon after, after the United States and Japan, the carbon family "family" over the earth will add new members - China will launch China's first global carbon dioxide monitoring scientific experimental satellite.
According to the design, in the next few years, it will cruise in space, continuously change the observation mode, complete the monitoring of global carbon dioxide, and use model assimilation technology to finally form a “physical report†on global carbon emissions.
In fact, as early as 2010, China began to deploy and intensively demonstrate carbon satellite projects. In 2011, it launched the “12th Five-Year Plan†major project “Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experiment Satellite and Application Demonstrationâ€.
Why does China need a carbon satellite like this? What role does layout play play in monitoring and analyzing global climate change?
Data Figure: US OCO-2 Satellite
Climate change has always been a hot topic of concern around the world. However, the international monitoring and analysis of key factors affecting global climate change is still weak, and complete basic data has not yet been formed.
"From the limited history of human exposure to atmospheric carbon dioxide, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen from 280 ppm to 400 ppm in 150 years. This has led to an increase in global average temperature of about 0.7 degrees Celsius over the past 100 years, resulting in disasters. Sexual weather is frequent and intensity increases.†Lu Naiman, chief application scientist of carbon satellites, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the current mainstream view is that if the temperature continues to rise, even if the carbon dioxide concentration is reduced thereafter, the earth will undergo irreversible changes.
Then, the problem is: collecting relevant data on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there are observation points on the global ground, why should we send satellites? "In fact, the absolute accuracy of ground observation is higher than that of satellite observation, but ground-based observation can not solve the spatial distribution of global atmospheric carbon content, and can not monitor the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere above the ocean." Lu Naiman introduced, around 2010, There are only more than 200 carbon dioxide ground observation stations in the world, which is difficult to meet the monitoring needs.
The biggest problem facing the current carbon cycle science is the inability to accurately obtain information on the carbon dioxide flux (the total amount of carbon dioxide per unit area per unit time) at global and regional scales. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the measurement of carbon dioxide globally and regionally by means of space observation to improve human understanding of the global carbon cycle process, and thus improve the credibility and stability of climate change prediction results.
A good man and three gangs, carbon satellites came again "made in China"Based on the above understanding, in 2009, Japan launched the world's first greenhouse gas observation satellite (GOSAT). In the same year, the US carbon satellite (OCO-1) failed to launch for the first time, and in 2014 it launched its replacement OCO-2 again.
There are already two carbon satellites in the US and Japan in front. Is it necessary for China to stand on its own? Lu Naiman responded to this question with the development of China's meteorological satellites: "When China was poor and white, when we launched a meteorological satellite with setbacks, many people said that since we can use Japanese satellite data for free, we should not launch our own weather. Satellites, but in the long run, as a big country, we cannot rely on foreign countries, we must overcome difficulties and firmly follow the path of independent development, so that we can form a three-pronged situation in the meteorological satellite field in the United States, Europe and China."
A more realistic and urgent need for carbon dioxide monitoring is that China must have autonomous data to take the initiative in global climate negotiations. You must have an account first. Li Jiahong, chief engineer of the National Remote Sensing Center, said in an exclusive interview with the Science and Technology Daily that the Chinese government has developed and launched carbon satellites to dynamically monitor the global concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and then to provide global carbon distribution data, not only for China's response to global climate change. Action, but also reflects the responsibility of a responsible big country.
At the same time, in Li Jiahong's view, "It is not enough to do only one or two satellites for global carbon dioxide monitoring. China is the third one. Europe also plans to include carbon satellites. We hope that this satellite will cooperate with several other countries to form carbon. The satellite 'virtual constellation' jointly observes atmospheric carbon dioxide and provides richer monitoring data for global climate change."
Development: From the bottom of my heart to "leading feet can get"Li Jiahong recalled that as early as 2009, according to the deployment of the Office of Earth Observation and Navigation in the 863 Program, the National Remote Sensing Center was thinking about the layout of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, including OOC-1 including Japan’s GOSAT satellite launch and US launch failure. I am very concerned, and I am specializing in consulting Academician Tong Qingxi: "Whether China should engage in its own carbon satellite?" It is a firm and affirmative answer: "It must be done from a strategic perspective."
On the basis of the previous field strategy research work, the 863 Expert Group on Earth Observation and Navigation considered that when the '12th Five-Year Plan was deployed, everyone reached a consensus on launching carbon satellites. The question is whether we can do it. How to do it." Lu Naiman recalled.
Carbon monitoring satellites are a blank in China, which is a new challenge for Chinese researchers. They can only cross the river by feeling the stones. "We started with a black eye. These satellites have very high requirements for optical instruments. Can we meet the needs in terms of components and other aspects?" Lu Naiman said that no one dares to pack tickets. "When visiting the country After more than a dozen related units, everyone was a bit at the bottom."
China's carbon satellites are also loaded with true cloud and aerosol monitors. Li Jiahong explained: "Using it can eliminate the effects of aerosols in clouds and air, which is to solve the 'noise' interference problem of carbon dioxide monitoring."
Specific to the indicator design, Lu Naiman said, "We have determined the appropriate configuration options after repeatedly weighing the functions, precision and process level." In the end, under the tenet of “bounced feet can be obtainedâ€, China’s carbon satellites not only achieved various design indicators, but also greatly stimulated the breakthrough of many related technologies in China.
The perfect marriage of "863 Plan + Aerospace Engineering" management“Carbon satellites were established by the 863 Program. In the early stage, they were mainly managed in accordance with the 863 project, but the latter projects were mainly managed by the aerospace engineering model.†Li Jiahong, who participated in the whole process of the 863 Program, introduced that the Chinese Academy of Sciences is responsible for the organization and implementation of the carbon satellite project, and the China Meteorological Administration is responsible for Ground application system. According to the aerospace engineering management model, the project has set up a total management system for the chief engineer and chief commander of the satellite project. Through the "two generals" system of the project, the 863 project management and the aerospace project management have been organically combined, and the actual implementation has also been achieved. Management innovation of engineering projects in the national science and technology plan.
“The project is also closely integrated with the needs of relevant departments. For example, it is closely integrated with the carbon special project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' pilot project, and it also coincides with the Chinese Academy of Sciences' series of scientific experimental satellite programs.†Li Jiahong said.
Extended reading:In order to effectively grasp the global carbon dioxide distribution, the “Twelfth Five-Year†National 863 Program has set up a “Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Science Experiment Satellite and Application Demonstration†major project.
Carbon satellites use carbon dioxide remote sensing as an entry point to establish a hyperspectral satellite ground data processing and verification system to form a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring capability for the global, China and other key regions. The monitoring accuracy is better than 4ppm, and this precision has reached the high-spectrum atmospheric mark. The international advanced level of gas detection.
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