ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System), an advanced driver assistance system, is an active safety assistance system that assists the driver throughout the journey of the vehicle. The ADAS system is designed to improve vehicle safety and a wider range of applications to improve road traffic safety. The ADAS system uses a variety of sensors, such as cameras and radars, to collect physical data about the vehicle and the environment surrounding it. After collecting the relevant data, the ADAS system will use the processing techniques of target detection, identification and tracking to assess the risk. Instead of controlling the vehicle, the ADAS system solution provides the driver with information about the vehicle's operating conditions and the surrounding environment of the vehicle, alerting the driver to potential hazards and improving driving safety.
Advanced driver assistance systems increase driving comfort and safety
System: Lane departure warning
Sensor: camera
When the vehicle leaves its lane, or approaches the edge of the road, the LDW system emits an audible alarm or an action alarm (either by a slight vibration of the steering wheel or the seat). These systems begin to function when the vehicle speed exceeds a certain threshold (eg, greater than 55 miles) and the vehicle does not turn on the turn signal. When the vehicle is traveling and its position relative to the lane markings indicates that the vehicle is likely to deviate from the lane, the lane markings need to be observed through the camera system. While these application requirements are similar for all vehicle manufacturers, each vendor uses a different approach, using a front view camera, a rear view camera, or a dual/stereo front view camera. For this reason, it is difficult to adopt a hardware architecture to meet a variety of different types of camera requirements. A flexible hardware architecture is required to provide different implementation choices.
System: Adaptive Cruise Control
Sensor: radar
In the past decade, luxury cars have adopted ACC technology, which is now being used in a wider market. Unlike traditional cruise control technology designed to keep the vehicle moving at a constant speed, ACC technology adapts the speed to traffic conditions. If it is too close to the vehicle, it will slow down and accelerate when the road conditions permit. To the upper limit. These systems are implemented using a radar mounted on the front of the vehicle. However, since the radar system cannot recognize the size and shape of a certain target, and its field of view is relatively narrow, the camera should be combined with the application. The difficulty is that the cameras and radar sensors currently in use are not equipped as standard. Therefore, there is still a need for a flexible hardware platform.
System: Traffic Sign Recognition
Sensor: camera
As its name suggests, the Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) feature uses a forward camera combined with pattern recognition software to identify common traffic signs (speed limit, parking, U-turn, etc.). This feature alerts the driver to the traffic signs in front of them so that the driver can follow them. The TSR function reduces the possibility of drivers not complying with traffic regulations such as stop signs, and avoids illegal left-turn or unintentional other traffic violations, thereby improving safety. These systems require a flexible software platform to enhance the detection algorithm and adjust it based on traffic signs in different regions.
System: Night Vision
Sensor: IR or thermal imaging camera
The Night Vision (NV) system helps the driver identify objects in very dark conditions. These objects generally exceed the field of view of the headlights of the vehicle, so the NV system gives an early warning to the vehicles driving on the road ahead to help the driver avoid collisions.
NV systems use a variety of camera sensors and displays, specifically related to the manufacturer, but generally fall into two basic types: active and passive.
The active system, also known as the near-IR system, combines a charged coupling device (CCD) camera with an IR light source to present a black and white image on the display. The resolution of these systems is high and the image quality is very good. Its typical viewing range is 150 meters. These systems are able to see all the objects in the field of view of the camera (including those without heat radiation), but in the rain and snow environment, the efficiency is greatly reduced.
• Passive systems do not use external light sources, but instead rely on thermal imaging cameras to capture images using natural thermal radiation from objects. These systems are not affected by the opposite headlights and are not affected by severe weather conditions, with detection ranges from 300 meters to 1000 meters. The disadvantage of these systems is that the image is granular and the function is limited to warmer weather conditions. Moreover, passive systems can only detect objects with thermal radiation. Passive systems combined with video analytics technology clearly show objects on the road ahead of the vehicle, such as pedestrians.
In NV systems, there are a variety of architectural choices, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. To increase competitiveness, automakers should support a variety of camera sensors to implement these sensors on a versatile, flexible hardware platform.
System: Adaptive High Beam Control
Sensor: camera
Adaptive High Beam Control (AHBC) is a smart headlight control system that uses cameras to detect traffic conditions (opposite and inbound traffic conditions) and, depending on these conditions, brighten or dim the high beam. The AHBC system allows the driver to use the high beam at the maximum possible illumination distance without having to manually dim the headlights when other vehicles are present, without distracting the driver's attention and thus improving the safety of the vehicle. In some systems, it is even possible to separately control the headlights to dim one headlight while the other headlights are normally lit. AHBC complements forward camera systems such as LDW and TSR. These systems do not require a high-resolution camera, and if a vehicle has already adopted a front-view camera in an ADAS application, the price/performance ratio of this feature will be very high.
System: Pedestrian / Obstacle / Vehicle Detection (PD)
Sensor: camera, radar, IR
Pedestrian (and obstacle and vehicle) detection (PD) systems rely entirely on camera sensors to gain insight into the surrounding environment, for example, using a single camera or using stereo cameras in more complex systems. The “category variables†(clothing, lighting, size, and distance) can vary widely, the background is complex and constantly changing, and the sensors are placed on mobile platforms (vehicles), making it difficult to determine the visual characteristics of pedestrians on the move, so The use of IR sensors can enhance the PD system. The radar can also enhance the vehicle detection system, which provides excellent distance measurement and excellent performance in harsh weather conditions, which can measure the speed of the vehicle. This complex system requires the use of data from multiple sensors simultaneously. (This process, called sensor fusion, will be discussed in detail later.)
System: driver sleepiness alarm
Sensor: In-car IR camera
The sleepiness alarm system monitors the driver's face, measuring its head position, eyes (open/closed), and other similar alarm indications. The system will issue an alarm if it is determined that the driver is showing signs of going to sleep, or if it appears to be unconscious. Some systems also monitor heart rate and breathing. Ideas that have not been realized, including the ability to drive the vehicle closer to the roadside, end up stopping.
Demand: Flexible, high-performance technology platform
Although it is difficult to predict in detail the future development of these functions, to what extent will be applied in the future, but from a technical point of view, there are several points that are clear:
• There is no single architecture that can meet the emerging needs of various applications.
â— A flexible platform is needed to adapt to market trends and achieve the latest features while meeting cost, planning and performance goals.
â— To meet the high performance requirements of ADAS applications, balance should be achieved in software and hardware.
â— The system uses several different types of sensors to perform safety-related tasks. The future development of such systems will be strong.
Signal fusion
It is important to note that most ADAS applications require processing and analysis of multiple signals from multiple sensors, including video cameras, radars, infrared sensors, and other sensor signals such as lasers that may appear in the future. For example, hazard detection requires not only the integration and analysis of data streams from multiple cameras, but radar data must also be used if weather conditions are used throughout the weather. The term sensor fusion is used to describe the integration of different signals in an ADAS application.
One algorithmic solution to the problem of signal fusion is Kalman filtering, which combines a wide variety of algorithms. This is a good example of how complex the ADAS task is. For example, Kalman filtering can integrate video and radar input signals and use this data to generate a snapshot of the current environment. It then applies a process called "dead reckoning" on these snapshots to calculate what happens to the surrounding environment "may" based on physical conditions. For example, it estimates the new location of the surrounding vehicles, determines that the trees on the side of the road are not moving, and so on. Then, Kalman filtering compares these two types of snapshots and estimates what should be done based on the credibility. For example, if the car uses ACC and the head is too close, you can slow down or brake.
The ADAS application has been involved in many development directions, and it is not clear which direction will eventually drive the market. In recent years, many famous factories have launched their solutions. Below we will use these design solutions to understand the ADAS technology and application trends.
Currency Counters Cleaning Kits
Cash Counter Cleaning Card,Pre-Saturated Currency Counters Card,Disposable Currency Counter Cleaning Card,Currency Counter Cleaning Card
Miraclean Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.mrccleanroom.com