First, the frequency response (Frequency Response)
1. What is the frequency response?
The frequency response is a measure of the ability of the headset to play back all frequencies (20 Hz to 20 kHz). In simple terms, the left side of the abscissa is the bass, the right is the treble; the ordinate is the loudness, measured in dB, and the meaning of a point in the curve is the loudness at a certain frequency.
In theory, a perfect headset should pull a straight line at 0dB inside the chart. If the curve is pulled high on the left and the right is depressed, then the headset will be considered to have a strong bass. If the curve is depressed on the left and the right is pulled up, the headset may have a "bright" sound.
2. How to test the frequency response?
In order to complete the test, the headphones are driven with the sound of full frequency scanning at the same level. Then, the sound of the headphones is recorded through a set of very professional and expensive analog head recording devices*. After that, an audio correction curve is used to remove the influence of the head related transfer function**. I understand that the effects of auricle diffraction and ear canal frequency vibration are removed. Finally, Get accurate product frequency response data.
3. How to explain this curve?
A "sound-natural" earphone should have a slight boost (probably 3 to 4 dB) between the 40 Hz and 500 Hz bass. The reason for this compensation is that the headphones will not let you experience the physical impact of sound waves like a speaker. Therefore, in order to achieve a natural sound, it is necessary to compensate the bass.
At the same time, the headphones should also be cut off in the treble to reduce the impact of the unit too close to the ear. The curve is preferably pulled from a 1kHz to 20kHz downward curve (lower 8-10dB). You will see that the graph has many jagged undulations (crests and troughs) at high frequencies, which is perfectly normal, probably due to the effect of the external auditory canal on sound.
Under ideal conditions, the fluctuations of this frequency should be small and average. If there is a large fluctuation around 3 kHz, it usually means that the response of the headphones is poor, or it is regarded as a kind of sound. In fact, a small drop from 2 kHz to 8 kHz is also acceptable.
Second, distortion (Distortion Products)
1. What is distortion?
For example, when playing a 500Hz tone, you should only be able to hear a single tone, but if the headphone performance is "non-linear", it will respond at other frequencies (crests appear), which is called distortion. This distortion occurs in multiple reference sound tests. As shown in the figure, under the 500Hz reference tone, in addition to the apparent main signal, there are three successively decreasing peaks, which are harmonic distortion.
2. How to explain this curve?
In theory, a perfect linear headset should be harmonic-free, which is actually hard to do. In general, as long as the harmonic intensity decreases as the frequency increases, there is no interference to the listening.
In general, a clean, high-resolution headset has only a small amount of harmonic distortion. When headphones sound lush, they are generally thought to be caused by even harmonics; when odd harmonics appear, the sound hardens; when there are many harmonics At the time, the sound is grainy.
How to distinguish between even and odd harmonics? Even harmonics are harmonics whose frequency is an even multiple of the fundamental frequency. In the case, the fundamental frequency is 500 Hz, then the 500 Hz even harmonic (2, 4, 8... times), such as 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz is the even harmonic. If it is an odd multiple (3, 5, 7... times) harmonic, it is an odd harmonic, such as 1500Hz, 2500Hz is an odd harmonic.
In experience, even some very good headphones will have obvious harmonic distortion, so it is not that there is harmonic distortion, the sound will be bad. (Translation: Actually harmonic distortion is considered to be the "personality of each earphone" "where".
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